Humans Are Responsible For Global Warming - 877 Words

It is not surprising to read on the internet about ice caps melting and strong storms devastating cities. Global warming is a serious issue that should be put in consideration. However, before trying to fix such issue. We should focus on what is causing global warming. Humans are responsible for global warming. Even though, most of the earth’s population deny being responsible for global contamination/global warming. A slight change on temperature can cause a big change on the earth’s weather and environment (i.e. ice caps melting or long droughts in California). According to Pete Spotts in Climate Change: Scientists Now 95 Percent Certain We Are Mostly to Blame, â€Å"Since 1951, Earth s climate has warmed by about 0.6 degrees Celsius, and researchers assessing †¦ the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are 95 percent certain that more than half of the warming is due to human emissions of greenhouse gases.† (Par 1). After the industrial revolution, humans have been using fossil fuels as combustibles (i.e. coal, fuel oil or gas). These gases are very heavy and difficult to vanish in the atmosphere. It means that every time we consume fossil fuels; we expel enormous quantities of toxic gases that help create a phenomenon called greenhouse effect. This phenomenon causes the earth to heat up. As a consequence, the ice caps melt while increasing the sea level. This cou ld end up in massive floods in every coast around the world. The last time high greenhouse gassesShow MoreRelatedAre Humans Responsible for Global Warming?2365 Words   |  10 PagesAre Humans Responsible for Global Warming? A REVIEW OF THE FACTS APRIL 2007 AUTHORS James Wang, Ph.D. Bill Chameides, Ph.D. Are Humans Responsible for Global Warming? The case for attributing the recent global warming to human activities rests on the following undisputed scientific facts: †¢ Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that warms the atmosphere. †¢ Since pre-industrial times, atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased from about 280 parts per million (ppm) to over 380 ppm. CurrentRead MoreHumans Are Responsible For Global Warming2056 Words   |  9 PagesDraft Humans are Responsible for Global Warming On November 8th, American citizens will go to the polls and vote for the next president of the United States. During the presidential campaign, both candidates, Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, have their own different points of view on environmental issues. Hillary Clinton affirms her commitment to the fight against climate change. She supports the Paris Agreement, which is an agreement among many nations to respond to the threat of global warmingRead MoreEssay on Humans are Responsible for Global Warming972 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay offers a defense to the position that humans are responsible for global warming. What is Carbon Dioxide? Before attempting to answer any questions based on observations about carbon dioxide, taking a moment to identify the carbon dioxide helps to ensure a clear understanding of the element. According to Princeton University (n.d.), â€Å"carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, is a heavy odorless colorless gas formed during respiration and by the decomposition of organic substances†. This naturallyRead MoreHuman Activity Responsible For Global Warming Essay1948 Words   |  8 Pagesenvironment varies. Everyone adapts to alterations differently, but is human activity responsible for global warming negatively affecting human health? Background: Historical Background †¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ At the beginning of the twentieth century, when global warming was merely a thought to occur among the presence of the greenhouse effect, scientists started to believe it would good for the environment to experience global warming. During the late 1950s, a couple of scientists took further examinationsRead MoreIs Human Activity Primarily Responsible For Global Climate Change And Global Warming?1371 Words   |  6 PagesIs Human Activity Primarily Responsible for Global Climate Change and Global Warming? What is global climate change? Is human activity primarily responsible? According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, global warming â€Å"refers to the recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature near Earth s surface. It is caused mostly by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Global warming is causing climate patterns to change. However, global warming itselfRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On Earth1577 Words   |  7 Pagesto be. It is known as global warming. Global warming is constant rise in the global average temperature near the surface of the earth. Although to some, global warming is nothing more than a myth, a rumor to scare the race into rethinking their selfish acts, but global warming is no myth. I believe that global warming is far from a myth, it is real and it is dangerous. The evidence is all around us. If you look to the stars, you can see that the atmosphere is full of human-produced molecules thatRea d MoreThe Debate On Global Climate Change1605 Words   |  7 PagesThe debate on global climate change argues that human-generated greenhouse gas emissions are too small to substantially change the earth’s climate and that the planet is capable of absorbing those increases. It is contended that warming over the 20th century resulted primarily from natural processes such as fluctuations in the sun s heat and ocean currents. But the theory of human-caused global climate change is based on questionable measurements, faulty climate models, and misleading science. InRead MoreReview of The Great Global Warming Swindle1281 Words   |  6 Pages The Great Global Warming Swindle has been the most widely watched documentary critical of the scientific consensus that climate change is due to anthropogenic activities. Aired in 2007 in the United Kingdom, the documentary claimed to debunk the â€Å"myth† of manmade global climate change, exposing it as a vast conspiracy design ed to gain funding for research and push an environmental agenda that is especially harmful to the developing world. Directed by British producer Martin Durkin, the documentaryRead MoreCauses Of Environmental Issues1467 Words   |  6 Pagescare. However, the global issues around the world are the most serious and concerning problems. According to Globe scan, 64% out of 25,000 people said environmental issue is the most serious problem. Like other issues, environmental issue is a growing problem around the whole world. Some people know and say that humans have to save the Earth, but how many of them actually keep those rules to save it? For that reason, environmental issue is an ongoing problem, and global warming is the huge and significantRead MoreThe Debate On Global Warming1239 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversy concerning global warming. The controversy takes the form of public debate that centers on five issues (Mazo 30). The first issue is whether or not global warming is occ urring. The second issue is whether global warming is real and extent it has occurred in the recent decades. The third question relates to the causes of global warming. The fourth question centers on the effects of global warming. The fifth question is whether any action needs to be taken to contain global warming. The author concurs

Farm Tools Free Essays

Agriculture has been in the limelight for several decades, it started in different countries across the globe each country in their own time. However, agriculture could not have been achieved without the use of farm tools and machinery. This farm equipment makes it easy for farm activities to be undertaken with an ease. We will write a custom essay sample on Farm Tools or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before the introduction of this equipment, agriculture was difficult and it was only done in small scale. Therefore, the agricultural produce which was produced as a result was only used for consumption purposes. However, with this machinery, there is a large production which is able to sustain consumption and also used for commercial purposes. The world depends largely on agricultural production therefore, farm tools should be embraced across the globe. First, combine harvester is one of the farm tools and it is one of the machines which combine several activities such as harvesting and threshing among others. This equipment was introduced in the year 1935 but it was first used for commercial purpose in the year 1939 (Kataoka). As the word combine suggests, combine harvester is used for several activities such as reaping. The second activity is threshing after the crops have been cut and collected the next activating is to separate the grain from corn. The other activity done by the combine harvester is grain separation, this activity is whereby the grain is separated from the husks. The last activity is cleaning whereby the grain is cleaned by blowing the chaff away. Second, the other farm tool is a mower, this tool is used for cutting grass. The tool is also known as a lawnmower. According to Kataoka, there are the different model of lawn mowers such as solar-powered lawn mower and this type is environmentally friendly. The other model of lawn mower is the automatic lawn mower, this type automatically detects the area of grass to be mowed and the height of grass as required. The other model is gas powered lawn mower and this model is not environmentally friendly since it emits gas into the environment. Lawnmowers are classified based on different factors such as the axis of rotation of the blades. For example, rotary lawn mower in which its axis is vertical and reel lawn mower in which its axis is horizontal. Third, a plough is another farm tool and it is used to till the land so as to aerate the soil for planting purposes. There are different types of ploughs depending on the function they perform. For example, furrow reversible plough which is useful in dry trashy stumpy and hard land condition. The tool is mounted directly on a tractor and it is hydraulically operated. It has two mouldboard ploughs mounted back to back whereby one rotates to the right and the other one to the left. The other type is the furrow press which is mounted behind the tractor. Chisel plough is the other type and this type is important in obtaining deep tillage with limited soil disruption. This type is used to reduce the impact of compaction and hardpan (Kataoka). Fourth, the harrow is another type of farm tool also known as a set of harrows. It is mostly used after ploughing has been done so as to break up the lumps and to achieve fine soil. This tool is mostly used when planting small size seeds like wheat, millet among others. It may also be used to remove weeds and cover seeds after planting (Kataoka). There are several types of harrows and they include power harrow in which the power from the tractor is used to drive the cultivators. The used set of harrows may be ineffective for the land since it makes fine soil, therefore, in case of heavy rains the soil may be washed away. Fifth, the other type of farm tools is the rotary tiller. As the name implies, this tool is used by rotating the tines and blades so as to cultivate the land. It is also known as a rototiller, rotary hoe, power tiller, rotary plough or rotavator. It is mounted on a tractor and it is operated by the power from the tractor. The rotary tiller can also be used by means of propelling itself. This equipment is also used after the plough has been used and the need for it is to break up the soil. It is mostly used in the gardens when planting vegetables and other crops. Sixth, the other tool is a broadcast seeder which is used to plant seeds in the farm. Has the name suggests this tool is used to plant seeds randomly in the farm. This activity is done by spreading the seeds without following a systematic way such as planting the seeds in a line. It can also be used to spread fertilizers commonly known as fertilizer spreader. The tool is also known as a broadcast spreader. The tool is mounted on a tractor normally a garden tractor so as to perform this act of sowing seeds or spreading fertilizers or lime. The small size of the broadcast spreader is handheld with a hopper while the slightly bigger ones are pushed with the spinning disk powered by gearing to the wheel. Seventh, the other tool equipment is seed drill, this tool is used for planting purposes. As opposed to broadcast seeder or broadcast spreader which spreads the seeds randomly, this tool plants seeds evenly and in systematic lines. The rows of these lines are easily controlled so as to achieve an even plantation. The depth of planting seeds is also even with the use of this machine. After the machine has sown the seeds it then covers them, therefore, protecting the seeds from the birds unlike in the case where they are randomly spread and the birds can easily pick them. The tool also saves time since it does all the work of sowing and covering unlike where the seeds are sown by randomly spreading then covered by using human labour (Kataoka). Eighth, the other tool is Centre irrigation and it is used for irrigation. The term irrigation is the application of water artificially to the soil in places where there is minimal rain or in the places with no rain at all. This tool is important in crop production because lands which could have been desolate due to lack of rain are converted into productive lands. This tool is also used to suppress weeds in the farm. Irrigation is also used to prevent soil consolidation, this is the process of changing the volume of the soil by preventing pressure. From the name Centre irrigation, it means that this tool is fixed in the farm therefore, water will be regulated as required by opening and closing when necessary. Ninth, hay tedder is another type of farm tools, this tool is used in haymaking. This tool came into use in the second half of the nineteenth century. After crops like wheat, rice, millet and other crops have been harvested the straws are left in the farm. These straws are useful in making hay for feeding livestock. Therefore, this tool is used in the process of making hay. It also uses moving forks so as to turn the hay and also to scatter the hay. The reason for this activity is to speed up the drying of hay by aerating them. This process also improves the colour and the aroma of hay. This tool is very important in speeding up of haymaking (Kataoka). Tenth, the sickle is another farm tool and it is used for cutting grass, hay among others. This tool is among the smallest farm tools and it is handheld as opposed to other tools which might be mounted on a tractor. This tool is also known as a reaping hook or a bagging hook. It came into existence in the Iron Age and since then it has evolved so much. It started with iron the latter it was made of steel. According to Kataoka, there are many types of sickle which include smooth and serrated blades. Both of these types are used either to cut grass or to harvest mature cereals such as wheat and millet. Causes and Effects of Agriculture in Ancient Egypt To start with, Egypt is known to be a dry land and agricultural practices require some amount of rainfall thus, there are causes and effects which came as a result of agriculture. Some of the causes which led to agriculture in Egypt is the fact that it is a dry region therefore, they used river Nile’s water for irrigation. With the irrigation system such as basin irrigation, agriculture in Egypt was birthed and therefore, there are effects which resulted from it. Some of these effects include increased productivity, productivity was increased as a result of agriculture through irrigation. The other effect is the reduction of poverty, due to agricultural productivity poverty was dealt with. Another effect of agriculture in Egypt was the creation of employment (Lewis). The significance of Pyramid in Ancient Egypt Egypt is well known for pyramids, these pyramids were built as tombs for the pharaohs and their queens. These pyramids were built in different shapes and sizes and they were about eight in number. One of them was built for Pharaoh Khufu and it was known as the great pyramid. Some of these pyramids are among the most magnificent man-made structures in history. These pyramids have a tremendous significant such as economic prosperity and stability. The pyramids had significant uses as far as the well-being of the king was concerned. The reason is, they were used to keep the king’s majesty intact even after his death. Egyptians did this activity because they believed that when the king died his spirit remained with his body thus, they were taking care of his spirit (Bà ¡rta). In conclusion, there are many farm tools and they are used for different purposes. These tools include plough which is used in cultivating the land. The other tool is a mower also known as a lawn mower which is used to cut grass. The other tool is broadcast seeder which is used to plant seed by broadcasting. It can also be used for fertilizer breading. The next tool is the seed drill which is used to plant seeds evenly and in the same depth. The other tool is Centre irrigation which is used to irrigate crops in dry areas and when there is an insufficient amount of rainfall. The other aspect is the causes and effects of agriculture in Egypt and it was caused by drought, therefore, using water from the river Nile for irrigation. Work cited Bà ¡rta, Miroslav. â€Å"Location of the Old Kingdom Pyramids in Egypt.† Cambridge Archaeological Journal, vol. 15, Sept. 2005, pp. 177–91. Research Gate, doi: 10.1017/S0959774305000090. Kataoka, Takashi. Agricultural Machinery Technology. Sept. 2018. Lewis, Lowell N. EGYPT’S FUTURE DEPENDS ON. p. 360. How to cite Farm Tools, Papers

Pediatricians do more for kids than one might imagine Essay Example For Students

Pediatricians do more for kids than one might imagine Essay Pediatricians do more for kids than one might imagine. Theyre available at any time for a childs needs. Parents with concerns about their child can call at any hour to ask questions or make an appointment. But what does it take to become such an important doctor? It takes respect for the field and the proper training, among other things. Pediatricians are doctors who work with little kids, usually from infancy to age 18. Pediatricians work with kids and diagnose and treat infections, as well as treat injuries, defects, malignancies, and many more types of diseases and dysfunctions. With planned evaluation and early involvement, pediatricians recognize and attend to developmental and behavioral problems that result from exposure to psychosocial stressors. They appreciate the defenselessness of childhood and adolescence, and actively support measures to care for their health and safety. Most pediatricians are on call. This means if there is an emergency they can be reached at any time of the day. Pediatricians have a lot of training to do before they can take on the medical field. They attend eleven total years of schooling: four years in college, four years of medical school, one year of an internship in pediatrics, and two years of a pediatric residency. The schooling is not cheap either; in the year 2000, the typical medical students debt was $95,000. Classes that should be taken in college are as follows: one year of English, two years of Biology, one semester of college Calculus or Statistics, and one year of Physics. Pediatricians do go through a lot of schooling, and accrue a lot of debt, but almost all of them will never go back and do different. Pediatricians may work a lot and have a lot of debt to pay off, but their salary makes it all worth it. Pediatricians make money based on how many patients they see a year. An average pediatrician sees 96 patients a week. The majority of Pediatricians make $60,000 to $400,000 a year. That is an amazing amount of money. Now, the price is different for all pediatricians because it is based on their number of patients a week and if they are full time or part time pediatricians. The mean pay for a pediatrician, though, is $139,600 a year. The Pediatrics outlook is really excellent. As long as people keep having children, there will be more and more pediatricians. Pediatricians are still needed in rural places currently. Some places in the United States lack pediatricians! The medical field in general is growing and will still maintain to grow to meet the societys needs in medicine. Pediatricians have an amazing job! Even though the debts can be high, their pay lets them pay it off quickly though. I would love to have this job this is because they get to work with kids and have that overwhelming joy that they helped. Even though they cant help all the kids but the joy that they must have after  saving a life that is incredible! And since the outlook is strong I have faith that in 13 years education training and when I graduate in years there will still be a high need for Pediatricians. I love kids and I always wanted to be a doctorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ put the two and two together and you get a Pediatrician. I love what Pediatricians do and they make a difference and I want to.

English Literature Essay Example

English Literature Essay Whilst death is one of the central themes explored by the Pardoner in the General Prologue and Pardoners prologue and tale, it is clearly one amongst many others, such as gambling, swearing and sin. The sins are all alluded to in avarice, gluttony, sloth, wrath, pride, sloth, and perhaps more indirectly, envy. However, death is perhaps the most immediate effect of these other themes, and is central to the plot, the characters and the audience. Chaucer creates these themes using the irony between what appears and what is, religiously charged imagery and the position of he who should practise what he preaches but does not, in the Pardoner. Some critics suggest that the Pardoner does not fear the death he frightens other with in his sermons, because he is already spiritually dead.The first point that the Pardoner makes is that his theme is always one that the love of money is the root of all evil. It is ironic that while he preaches that, he seeks monetary returns for his homily; his e fforts should be driven by the desire to do good, but instead are more immediate and material.My theme is alwey oon, and evere was -Radix malorum est Cupiditas (47-48)But first, quod heI wol both drinke and eten of a cake (35-36)The use of the conjunction both before a tale is told signifies the priorities in the mind of the Pardoner that his own carnal indulgence precludes any spiritual efforts. This is also the Pardoners own marked admission and Chaucer uses the effect of the rhyming couplets to enforce this (winne/sinne).For myn entente is nat but for to winne,And nothing for correccioun of sinne. (117/118)It is all of this contempt for what he preaches that shows the Pardoners complete indifference to death. It would appear that this lack of consideration comes from the knowledge that everyone will eventually die, and particularly the more immediate eventuality of death within a medieval context. It would therefore follow that the Pardoner himself is spiritually dead, and no lo nger has the conscience of though which allows him to scrutinise his behaviour. He is so far into damnation that he gives up on trying to escape it, and instead commits himself to the enjoying of the flesh and material life.I preche nothing but for coveitise (147)The Pardoners inability to know death first surfaces openly in his prologue when he says that the souls of those damned by his false pardons may go blackberrying in Hell for all he cares. His false consciousness prevents him from detecting the enormity of his sin, and this coincidentally enrages the murderous instincts of Harry Bailey, who has previously told the pilgrims he fears he one day will kill because of his wifes nagging. In this instance, his ire is aroused precisely because the Pardoners failure to realize the terrible danger he is in.I rekke nevere, whan that they been beried,Though that hir soules goon a-blakeberied (119-120)The potentially tragic outcome, in which both the Pardoner and Oure Hoost would come to know death, is prevented by a pilgrim we have been told knows death very well: the knight. This mans war experience appears to enable him to detect the necessity for his intervention, and that intervention lays the spectre of deaths imminent arrival among the pilgrims. However, by inducing the Host to kiss the Pardoner, he brings both men into direct contact with that which would have been deadly to them a moment before. This socially innoculates them against the threat that they will bring death to the pilgrimage.Before moving into his tale, the Pardoner digresses into a long sermon on sin, particularly the kind of dreadful acts caused by drunkenness, quoting authorities such as Seneca, Lot and Herod and using exclamation within his rhetorical homily.drinken over hir mightThurgh which they doon the devel sacrifise (182-183)Corrupt was al this world for glotonye (218)The Pardoners attack is on gluttony, of which drunkenness is a part stems from an argument that the sin of Adam and Eve arose from their wish to eat the apple from the tree of knowledge thus creating all sin from gluttony. Like a salesman, the Pardoner wants to qualify why the audience needs what is for sale before it is offered. Food and drink is also ironically has connotations of the Communion with wine and bread. It is the eating of what was forbidden that caused sin and therefore death in the first place, and it is the death of Christ that brought the redemption of others. The mention of death raises the tale of the three rioters, which is about death. In essence it is that type of tale, favorite in folk-lore, which depends on a trick, in this case a double meaning for death which we understand but the rioters do not.1 The rioters seek death, ironically to kill him.They succeed in the first part of their task and find death, yet it is he who kills them. Based on the premise that they are guilty of killing each other, it is sequitur to conclude that death resides in all three of the rioters. This is of course spiritually true. The three rioters are already spiritually dead, drinking before the first belle clinks and showing disrespect to the elderly. The only life within them is that of the material world around them in food and drink. It would also seem, therefore, that the Pardoner is suggesting here that one dies when they are spiritually devoid.No lenger thanne after Deeth they sougbte (486)The old man that points the rioters in the direction of death is the single developed character in the story, a grotesque figure who waits to die out of extreme weariness for life. When he tells the rioters that he wishes to die, he claims that he walks on the ground, his mothers gate, and asks to return to the earth (in the form of a decayed corpse). This conforms to the idea of rebirth, as the old man asks to return to the earth (his mothers womb) presumably to be born once again. However, for the old man this is only his second choice. He would prefer to exchange bodies with a young man, but can find no man willing to trade. He suffers the misery of a man who does sees no hope for redemption. He does not consider the possibility of heaven and Christian redemption, but rather adheres to ideas of earthly reincarnation. Quite significantly, this is the only expression of any spirituality contained in the Pardoners Tale. The Pardoner has little concern with actual religious matters and makes no real reference to Christianity. His concern is money, and the Christian religion is only the means to achieve this end.Which I am wont to preche for to winne (175)Lo how I vanisshe, flesh and blood and skin!Allas! Whan shul my bones been at reste (446-447)The death that the rioters find is no more than the physical enactment, of the spiritual death that they have already undergone. The rioters attempt to go out in search of death in order to slay him is not the act of public-spirited vigilantes, but a sign of moral deadness, as well as a grotesque parody of Christs st ruggle to overcome Death, which brought about, of course, not the elimination of physical death, but the release of man from the certainty of eternal damnation.Til Crist hadde boght us with his blood again! (215)The accumulation of detail, particularly the old man, serves to bring increased irony, even poetic and religious depth to the exemplum that then follows its familiar course to the disaster. The story is an exemplum illustrating both that Radix malorum est cupiditas and the wages of sin is death.The Pardoners Tale is rife with allusions to the doctrine of the resurrection of the body, and conversely to the association between the unredeemed dead and the corruption of the body. One way of looking at the quest of the three rioters may be as a search for eternal death, that is, death without any possibility of resurrection through the addition of physical death to their already dead spirits. Such a death represents the triumph of body over spirit, or the reduction of man to his bodily component alone, not susceptible to resurrection. As Lidridge points out, The bodily resurrection of the dead was one of the doctrines that most concerned theologians from the origins of Christianity throughout the middle ages. 2The tales actual characterisation of sin stresses spiritual corruption and this is especially represented, as so often was so in Medieval times, through the body. The rioters indulge the senses and rhetoric (through apostrophe and exclamatio) depicting cycles of eating and drinking in terms of excrement, urine and therefore physical alongside spiritual degradation. Again, as was so in Medieval England, a quest is sought to conquer the ultimate corruption of death (the cadaver tombs and exempla of death bed scenes), but the purpose of the rioters is to slay death in order to allow them to pursue a life of self-indulgence.And we wol sleen this false traitour Deeth.He shal be slain, he that so many sleeth (413-414)Thus, the plot of the tale; characters i n their relation (the old man, the young boy and the innkeeper); the characterisation of death through the spiritual death of the Pardoner himself, the spiritual and actual death of the three rioters and their friend; are all synonymous with death the moral of the story being the triumph of death over sin. Throughout, the use of diction and imagery with either implicitly or explicitly restates spiritual and incorruptible values and the truth above any other emphasise the only real way to destroy death, as Christ did. It would therefore seem that whilst Chaucer within the Pardoner explores a number of different themes, each of them returns to death and thus death is the central theme which the Pardoner explores.

Concentration an Reaction Rate essays

Concentration an Reaction Rate essays The aim of this investigation is to see how the concentration of a reactant in ratio to the reactor affects the rate of a reaction. When hydrochloric acid and Thiosulphate react together sulphur is liberated this means that as the reaction goes on the solution will become yellow and will change from being transparent to translucent to opaque. The sulphur is formed as a solid but not in the usual precipitation way. Na2 + S2 + 2HCL 2NaCl+SO2 + S2 +H2O To time the reaction I will draw a black cross on a piece of plain paper on which the beaker of reactants will be placed (HCL and Thiosulphate). When the chemicals come into contact with each other I will start timing with a stopwatch and will stop timing when the cross is longer visible through the beaker from above. A chemical reaction between to chemicals can only happen if their molecules can collide into each other. Out of many collisions there will be a few successful collisions, which means that the two molecules will exchange electrons and that means that they have reacted. These molecules have to hit each other in the right direction and at the right speed; in short the rules for a successful collision are specific and complex. But if the number of collisions per second increase so will the number of successful collisions increase. This means that the rate of the reaction has increased. For a reaction to occur you also need the required activation energy which means that if there isnt enough the reaction wont take place although catalysts can lower this. Concentration of acid or thiosulphate If you increase the amount of energy in a group of molecules the reaction rate will increase. When you give energy to molecules they tend to move about a bit more. And this means that if they are moving rapidly from place to place they are going to have a lot more collisions and because they are having lots of collisions the chances are that they will have...

Cars Versus Motorcycles

Cars versus motorcycles In the united states many people buy cars and motorcycles. Some people prefer driving cars rather than motorcycles. Both are very popular types of transportation these days. Cars and motorcycles have many differences in their cost, convenience ,safety, comfort and maintenance. The first difference between cars and motorcycles are the cost. For example, people need to pay a lot of money if they want to buy or lease a car. However, motorcycles are cheaper to rent or buy. Also, cars are more convenient than motorcycles. For instance, cars can transport many people but motorcycles do not do it. Also, cars have air condition and people can listen music while they drive. Other, advantages have a car is another person can drive for someone when he is drunk. Motorcycles are most popular in young people because is most exciting, easy to parking and avoids traffic. The second important difference is safety. For example, cars have seat beats and air bags can protect the drivers. However ,in motorcycles, people only can use helmet, so drivers are fragile. Also, cars have a cage most protectors in case of accident than motorcycles. Although, the car insurance is the most expensive than motorcycles it covers all damage. Also, people in motorcycle need to use sunglasses for protect their eyes. In case of terrible accident people in motorcycle died, so cars are most safety. Other essential differences are comfort and maintenance . Motorcycles do not have comfort because seats are very awkward. However ,cars have soft seats and if it is raining people will not get wet. When people need to change oil and tires, it is very expensive. Also, cars are most difficult to repair and use a lot of gas. However ,motorcycles are too easy repair because do not have a big motor. Motorcycles are not difficult to maintain. In conclusion ,cars and motorcycles are very different in their cost, convenience, safety, comfort and maintenance. A lot of people buy cars or motorcycles, it is a very common type of transportation . Each person buys a vehicle that they like for their features.

Pediatric radiography discussion Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Pediatric radiography discussion - Case Study Example Other destructors such as TV, video games, or movies on tablets or phones can also be used to help the child remain destructed for a while. This is the simplest and least expensive immobilizing method since it uses equipment found in most departments. Devices used include tapes, sheets or towels, compression bands, sand bags, covered radiolucent sponge blocks, stockinettes and ace bandages. After each procedure, it is required that the item is either disposed or be cleaned with bleach if coated with vinyl. The tapes should be twisted so that the adhesive surface is not against the skin. Gauze pads can also be placed between the skin and the adhesive tape. For small infants and young children, a 4 inch ace bandage can be used effectively. On the other hand, 6 inch ace bandages work well for older children and they are best used to immobilize legs. They look like midevil torture devices and they are rarely used since parents do not like to see their children put in them. The method uses the Pedia-poser chair that provides fast, gentle and secure immobilization of infants through 4 years old. In this device, the patient is secured only once and the chair rotates to quickly position for different views. It is simple and reliable, therefore, child friendly for pediatric positioning. One is able to adjust the chair back to the height of the child. Non-stretchy Velcro straps can be used by the stronger toddlers to secure their arms in different views. This is a faster, easier and commonly used method where the parent is used to position the child or hold the child in position. This works best for extremity exams like an elbow. The devices used in this method include gloves and aprons worn by the parents in case their anatomy slips in the exposure. During pediatric radiography, proper immobilization and high mA, short exposure time techniques are used and applied to reduce the motion unsharpness. Also, accurate

Ecomonics Assignment - Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ecomonics - Questions - Assignment Example C) Zero opportunity cost. D) Constant opportunity cost. E) Infinite opportunity cost. 3) Which one of the following would lead to an increase in the demand for hamburgers? A) a rise in the price of French fries, a complement of hamburgers B) a decrease in consumer income if hamburgers are a normal good C) a news report that hamburgers can cause skin diseases D) a decrease in population size E) a new fad hamburger diet 4) The marginal cost (MC) curve intersects the   A) AVC and AFC curves at their minimum points.   B) TC and TVC curves at their minimum points.   C) ATC and AFC curves at their minimum points.   D) ATC, AVC, and AFC curves at their minimum points.   E) ATC and AVC curves at their minimum points. 5) Total cost is $20 at 4 units of output and $36 at 6 units of output. Between 4 and 6 units of output, marginal cost A) Equals average total cost.   B) Is less than average total cost.   C) is greater than average total cost.   D) Equals to average variable cos t.   E) Equals average fixed cost. 6) Marginal cost ________. A) Increases at low outputs until it reaches its maximum value, then remains constant B) decreases at low outputs and increases at high outputs C) is constantly decreasing, but as output increases it decreases by smaller and smaller amounts D) is constantly increasing, but as output increases it increases by smaller and smaller amounts E) decreases at low outputs until it reaches its minimum value, then remains constant 7) A consumer choosing between apples and oranges is at her best affordable point. Then the price of apples decreases. If both apples and oranges are normal goods, which one of the following statements is true about her new best affordable point? She will consume more apples and fewer oranges.   B) She will consume more apples, and we cannot tell whether she will consume more or less oranges.   C) She will consume fewer apples and fewer oranges.   D) She will consume fewer apples and more oranges.à ‚   E) She will consume more apples and more oranges. 8) If income decreases, the budget line   A) becomes flatter.   B) Shifts leftward and parallel to the original budget line.   C) becomes steeper.   D) Shifts rightward and parallel to the original budget line.   E) Shifts parallel either leftward or rightward depending on whether the goods measured on the axes are normal or inferior. 9) A consumer's best affordable point occurs   A) at a point that cannot be determined.   B) Inside the budget line.   C) Outside the budget line.   D) On the budget line.   E) At a corner on the budget line, with only one good consumed. 10) Larry consumes only beer (B) and chips (C). If beer is measured on the vertical axis, the relative price of chips in terms of beer is all of the following except: A) the magnitude of the slope of the budget line B) equal to the opportunity cost of 1 bag of chips C) the real income in terms of beer D) PC/PB E) the inverse of the relative price of beer in terms of chips 11) When the price elasticity of demand is ________, demand for the good is elastic.   A) greater than 1 B) between 1 and zero C) equal to infinity D) equal to zero

The Effect of Red Cabbage in Sperm Quality of Mus Musculus Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Red Cabbage in Sperm Quality of Mus Musculus Essay Our human species is not exactly known for its willingness to comply with divine instruction. But when God said unto them â€Å"Be fruitful and multiply†, they were more than eager to comply. They took the task to heart. They turned a duty into a pleasure. The majority of couples had no problem. A minority, however, were distressed because of delay or inability to conceive and bring forth children. Medicine tried to help them to conceive naturally. There remained, however, a group who could not reproduce naturally without assistance. Infertility affects more than 80 million people worldwide. In general, one in ten couples experiences primary or secondary infertility, but infertility rates vary amongst countries from less than 5% to more than 30%. The increasing prevalence of infertility cases is becoming a major public health problem in developing countries (WHO, 2002). The term â€Å"infertility† refers to inability to conceive after having regular unprotected sex. Infertility can also refer to the biological inability of an individual to contribute to conception, or to a female who cannot carry a pregnancy full term (Medical News Today, 2009). Though infertility was traditionally considered a woman’s issue, research has demonstrated that approximately 40 percent of infertility is due in part or entirely to male factors (Essay Empire, 2012). More than 90% of male infertility cases are known to be due to low sperm quality. In 30 – 40% cases of sperm abnormality, the main cause remains unknown but the rest could be due to health problems such as chronic disease, lack of nutrition, genetic abnormality and environmental factors. One of the contributing factors that affect sperm quality is the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (Abdul Aziz, Farid and Mahanem Mat Noor, 2010). Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are highly reactive oxidizing agents (free radicals). They have long been known to be a component of the killing response of immune cells to microbial invasion (Paul Held, 2010). They are formed at various organs including the testes. Previous studies explained that testicular cells are well equipped with enzymatic and low molecular weight antioxidants to maintain redox homeostasis and prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the other hand, excessive formation of ROS may over-ride antioxidant defenses and results in oxidative stress that induced permanent damaged to testicular cells. Oxidative stress consequently results in abnormal sperm production and function. Therefore, natural antioxidants could possibly be able to minimize generation of an excess ROS and subsequently protect the testicular damage (Abdul Aziz et. al. , 2010). In recent times, the field of â€Å"green medicine† has witnessed a renaissance of interest as drugs of herbal origin are relatively inexpensive, accessible, and onsidered to be safe compared to synthetic counterparts (Parek and Chanda 2006; Venkatesh and Krishnakumari 2006). Drugs of herbal origin therefore, remain the main source of active drugs from a natural source and are still indispensable in the traditional field of alternative medicine for treating a number of diseases. According to the World Health Organization (1996), about 80% of the world’s population depends on alternative medicines. Red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L; Fam, Brassicaceae) is a commonly used dietary supplement that is rich in anthocyanins such as, cyanidin-3diglucoside-5-glucoside derivatives with various acylated groups connected to the diglucoside, mostly sinapoyl esters (Wu and Prior, 2005; Lo Scalzo, R. , Genna, A. , Branca, F. , Chedin, M. and Chassaigne, H. , 2008). Also, the presence of natural antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, ? -tocopherol and ? -carotene, lutein, and so on has been reported in the red cabbage extracts (Jagdish Singh, Upadhyay, AK. , Bahadur, A. , Singh, B. , Singh, KP. nd Mathura, Rai 2006). Many reports link Brassica vegetable intakes with reduced risk of chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease and cancer. The beneficial biological properties of these vegetables have been partially attributed to their dietary antioxidants. Despite the widespread use of red cabbage as dietary supplement, there is no literature on pharmacological evaluation of its effect on sperm quality. Present study was therefore undertaken to identify whether the extract of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. show any effects on sperm count, sperm morphology and sperm motility.

Essay on Romantics and Merchants in The Merchant of Venice :: Merchant Venice Essays

Romantics and Merchants in The Merchant of Venice  Ã‚   Shakespeare's comedies usually follow a clearly defined pattern. He presents a conflict, and the characters eventually resolve the conflict in a relatively happy ending, which involves marrying off the hero and his entourage to the heroine and her companions, leaving the villain outside the "magic circle" of protagonists. In The Merchant of Venice, Antonio is presented as the hero, and Shylock the villain, but neither is within the circle of marriages at the end of Act V. In fact, Antonio's depression exposed at the beginning of the play seems unresolved at the end, and he goes on his melancholy way, as he supposes he must. Can The Merchant of Venice, then, be considered a true comedy? The strongest argument discounting Merchant as a true comedy is that though Antonio appears to be the major protagonist in the story, he is also as far outside the magic circle as his villain, Shylock. While Bassanio, Portia, and their associated parties marry off at the end of Act V, Antonio is left to his ships and his money, still going about his depressed way. At the beginning of the play, Antonio expresses his dissatisfaction with his situation to his friends. "I hold the world but as the world, Gratiano, a stage where every man must play a part, and mine a sad one" (I.i.81-83). Throughout the play, and Shylock's relentless pursuit of his macabre repayment, Antonio remains in this dreary, defeated state. He seems almost too eager to end his suffering at the hands of his debtors and his apparently lost business. "Grieve not that I am fall'n to this for you," he tells Bassanio in court, "for herein Fortune shows herself more kind than is her custom: it is still her use to let the wretched man outlive his wealth, to view...an age of poverty, from which ling'ring penance of such misery doth she cut me off" (IV.i.278-284). He begs the court to make no more attempts to save his life, comparing such futile endeavors to abate the flood waters or question the wolf's killing of sheep (IV.i.71-84). Completely resigned to his grisly fate, he announces, "I am a tainted wether of the flock, meetest for death. The weakest kind of fruit drops earliest to the ground, and so let me" (IV.i.116-118). Even in Act V, after the dispute with Shylock is decided in Antonio's favor, the melancholy merchant plays no role in the resolution of the play.

IT for education and learning Essay

As we all knew, Information Technology has been well-developed for years. Nowadays, lots of youngsters would study online via the Internet, such as finding academic materials for doing project, submitting assignments to the online learning environment of their schools and so forth; therefore, people started to think what features of information technology can facilitate with education and learning. In particular, people would call this kind of learning as â€Å"e-learning†. According to D. R. Garrison (2011)1, e-learning is â€Å"formally defined as electronically mediated asynchronous and synchronous communication for the purpose of constructing and confirming knowledge. † The foundation of this technology is the Internet associating with communication technologies. So how would e-learning affect our education and learning? My ideas are as follows. First and foremost, online games are suitable for using within a learning environment as they are based on the theories of situated learning, motivation and learning by doing. What is online game? A. Rollings and E. Adams (2006) 2 introduce online game is a technology for connecting players together over computer networks like on the Internet. Online games can provide large simulated conditions in the real world for learners to solve problems and deal with others. They not only increase learners’ motivation and engagement but also enhance the learning experience and recognition. Additionally, they also provide free trainings that allow mistakes and errors so that the cost can be lowered. They can also increase the chance of communication such that they would have better coordination and communication skills. Take military and emergency services as an example, like America’s Army, it offers soldiers a virtual but real environment to have trainings. To be more specific, the soldiers are required to work as a team and accomplish the missions. It can build up the team spirit and let them enter into the real situation. Secondly, in accordance with Athanassios Jimoyiannis (2012)3, online game is beneficial for people to learn languages. Alternate Reality Games (ARGs) is one kind of the online games that involves multimedia and gaming elements to act as a story to let learners contribute their own ideas and action as if they took place in real time. ARGs are usually built around social networking system, which is an online platform, with Web 2. 0 technology, that focuses on building up social networks or social relations among people by sharing posts and doing real-life connections, like Facebook and Twiiter, in which learners can interact with others and form alliances. Therefore, through these kind of games, learners are able to gain appreciations for colloquial meanings, verbs and so forth. Thirdly, there is another technology that cannot be omitted – Learning Management System (LMS), like OUHK Online Learning Environment. It works as a platform for students to access multi-media study materials and participate in a wide range of learning-related activities through the use of a computer and an Internet access. Furthermore, students can obtain updated information about courses and programmes that they attend to, participate in online discussions with their peers and tutors, submit assignments, do exercises and self tests and monitor their own study progress through the web-based instruction. As a result, we can see that online learning environment can facilitate with E-learning for people to enhance their studies. And the advantages that LMS brings us – management of personal knowledge and learning resources, collaboration and instructional support – can enhance people’s critical thinking and decision-making. As a final point, people like youngsters, not like the previous generation, would not only receive what their teachers give them but find other sources through search engines, such as Google and Bing, themselves. They prefer videos, audios and interactive media; in the meanwhile, some scientists claimed that using graphics and colours can stimulate people’s brains to memorize and strengthen this ability. That’s why tutors would love to express their ideas through PowerPoint to their students nowadays. Simple and clear structure of PowerPoint slides can offer the content ideas with few lines in bullet form to students. Moreover, visual and auditory media can be added to make the materials more appealing. It not only improves the audience focus, but also engages multiple learning styles, for instance, students can read the materials through their mobile phones. However, if people get addicted to Internet uses, e-learning might become a severe obsession that they would get lost in the real life, like virtual world is â€Å"pulling† them from the real life. Dr. Charles O’Brien, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania, claimed that getting addicted to Internet uses like online games will become an official disorder because more and more people are going to do studies on it. There was a case last year in South Korea, where the couple, who had a real baby, was so involved with the virtual baby and doing things with the virtual baby, thus they neglected their real live baby and the baby died. Therefore, people’s self-restraint and the cooperation between teachers and parents (for youngsters) are undeniably required if e-learning becomes more and more popular in the world. (870 words) Reference list: 1. D. R. Garrison (D. Randy)(2011), E-learning in the 21st century a framework for research and practice, New York : Routledge 2. Andrew Rollings and Ernest Adams (2006), Fundamentals of Game Design. Prentice Hall. 3. Athanassios Jimoyiannis (2012), Research on e-learning and ICT in education, New York : Springer 4. Alan J Daly (2010), Social network theory and educational change, Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard Education Press 5. John D. Sutter,† Is ‘gaming addiction’ a real disorder? †, CNN, linkage retrieved from: http://www. cnn. hk/2012/08/05/tech/gaming-gadgets/gaming-addiction-dsm/index. html 5. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=NdDmp_Ak1no.

External Analysis of the Telecommunication Industry Essay

Economic †¢ Market analysis by Insight Research predicts that telecommunications-industry revenue will reach $1.2 trillion by the end of next year, and grow by a compounded rate of 5.9 percent to $1.6 trillion by 2010. †¢ Telecommunication remains an important part of the world economy and the telecommunication industry’s revenue has been placed at just under 3% of the gross world product. †¢ Mobile phones have had a significant impact on telephone networks. Mobile phone subscriptions now outnumber fixed-line subscriptions in many markets. Sales of mobile phones in 2005 totaled 816.6 million with that figure being almost equally shared amongst the markets of Asia/Pacific (204 m), Western Europe (164 m), CEMEA (Central Europe, the Middle East and Africa) (153.5 m), North America (148 m) and Latin America (102 m) †¢ In terms of new subscriptions over the five years from 1999, Africa has outpaced other markets with 58.2% growth †¢ Size matters in telecom. It is an expensive business; contenders need to be large enough and produce sufficient cash flow to absorb the costs of expanding networks and services that become obsolete seemingly overnight. Transmission systems need to be replaced as frequently as every two years. Big companies that own extensive networks – especially local networks that stretch directly into customers’ homes and businesses – are less reliant on interconnecting with other companies to get calls and data to their final destinations. By contrast, smaller players must pay for interconnect more often to finish the job. For little operators hoping to grow big some day, the financial challenges of keeping up with rapid technological change and depreciation can be monumental. †¢ During the late 1990s, the telecommunications industry experienced very rapid growth and massive investment in transmission capacity. Eventually this caused supply to significantly exceed demand, resulting in much lower prices for transmission capacity. The excess capacity and additional competition led to either declining revenues or slowing revenue growth, which has led to consolidation within the industry, as many companies merged or left the industry. Socio-Cultural †¢ Telecommunication is an important part of many modern societies. Good telecommunication infrastructure is widely acknowledged as important for economic success in the modern world on micro- and macroeconomic scale. †¢ On the microeconomic scale, companies have used telecommunication to help build global empires, this is self-evident in the business of online retailer Amazon.com but even the conventional retailer Wal-Mart has benefited from superior telecommunication infrastructure compared to its competitors. In modern Western society, home owners often use their telephone to organize many home services ranging from pizza deliveries to electricians. Even relatively poor communities have been noted to use telecommunication to their advantage. In Bangladesh’s Narshingdi district, isolated villagers use cell phones to speak directly to wholesalers and arrange a better price for their goods. In Cote d’Ivoire coffee growers share mobile phones to follow hourly v ariations in coffee prices and sell at the best price. †¢ On the macroeconomic scale, in 2001, Lars-Hendrik Rà ¶ller and Leonard Waverman suggested a causal link between good telecommunication infrastructure and economic growth. Few dispute the existence of a correlation although some argue it is wrong to view the relationship as causal. †¢ However from any perspective the economic benefits of good telecommunication infrastructure are undeniable and, for this reason, there is increasing worry about the digital divide. A 2003 survey by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) revealed that roughly one-third of countries have less than 1 mobile subscription for every 20 people and one-third of countries have less than 1 fixed line subscription for every 20 people. In terms of Internet access, roughly half of countries have less than 1 in 20 people with Internet access. †¢ The September 11 attack reinforces the need for robust, interconnected networks that have a high probability of survival in the event of natural or man-made disaster. That argues for a consolidated base of carriers operating with agreed-upon disaster protocols Technological †¢ The largest sector of the telecommunications industry continues to be made up of wired telecommunications carriers. Establishments in this sector mainly provide telephone service via wires and cables that connect customers’ premises to central offices maintained by telecommunications companies. The central offices contain switching equipment that routes content to its final destination or to another switching center that determines the most efficient route for the content to take. While voice used to be the main type of data transmitted over the wires, wired telecommunications service now includes the transmission of all types of graphic, video, and electronic data mainly over the Internet. †¢ These new services have been made possible through the use of digital technologies that provide much more efficient use of the telecommunications networks. One major technology breaks digital signals into packets during transmission. Networks of computerized switching equipment, called packet switched networks, route the packets. Packets may take separate paths to their destination and may share the paths with packets from other users. At the destination, the packets are reassembled, and the transmission is complete. Because packet switching considers alternate routes, and allows multiple transmissions to share the same route, it results in a more efficient use of telecommunications capacity as packets are routed along less congested routes. †¢ One way wired carriers are expanding their bandwidth is by replacing copper wires with fiber optic cable. Fiber optic cable, which transmits light signals along glass strands, permits faster, higher capacity transmissions than tra ditional copper wire lines. In some areas, carriers are extending fiber optic cable to residential customers, enabling them to offer cable television, video-on-demand, high-speed Internet, and conventional telephone communications over a single line. However, the high cost of extending fiber to homes has slowed deployment. In most areas, wired carriers are instead leveraging existing copper lines that connect most residential customers with a central office, to provide digital subscriber lines (DSL) Internet service. Technologies in development will further boost the speeds available through a DSL connection. †¢ Wireless telecommunications carriers, many of which are subsidiaries of the wired carriers, transmit voice, graphics, data, and Internet access through the transmission of signals over networks of radio towers. The signal is transmitted through an antenna into the wire line network. Other wireless services include beeper and paging services. Because wireless devices require no wire line connection, they are popular with customers who need to communicate as they travel residents of areas with inadequate wire line service, and those who simply desire the convenience of portable communications. Increasing numbers of con sumers are choosing to replace their home landlines with wireless phones. †¢ Wireless telecommunications carriers are deploying several new technologies to allow faster data transmission and better Internet access that should make them competitive with wire line carriers. One technology is called third generation (3G) wireless access. With this technology, wireless carriers plan to sell music, videos, and other exclusive content that can be downloaded and played on phones designed for 3G technologies. Wireless carriers are developing the next generation of technologies that will surpass 3G with even faster data transmission. Another technology is called â€Å"fixed wireless service,† which involves connecting the telephone and/or Internet wiring system in a home or business to an antenna, instead of a telephone line. The replacement of landlines with cellular service should become increasingly common because advances in wireless systems will provide data transmission speeds comparable to broadband landline systems. †¢ Changes in technology and regulation now allow cable television providers to compete directly with telephone companies. An important change has been the rapid increase in two-way communications capacity. Conventional pay television services provided communications only from the distributor to the customer. These services could not provide effective communications from the customer back to other points in the system, due to signal interference and the limited capacity of conventional cable systems. As cable operators implement new technologies to reduce signal interference and increase the capacity of their distribution systems by installing fiber optic cables and improved data compression, some pay television systems now offer two-way telecommunications services, such as video-on-demand and high-speed Internet access. Cable companies are also increasing their share of the telephone communications market both through their network of conventional phone lines in some areas and their growing ability to use high-speed Internet access to provide VoIP (voice over Internet protocol). †¢ VoIP is sometimes called Internet telephony, because it uses the Internet to transmit phone calls. While conventional phone networks use packet switching to break up a call onto multiple shared lines between central offices, VoIP extends this process to the phone. A VoIP phone will break the conversation into digital packets and transmit those packets over a high-speed Internet connection. Cable companies are using the technology to offer phone services without building a conventional phone network. Wireline providers’ high-speed Internet connections also can be used for VoIP and cellular phones are being developed that use VoIP to make calls using local wireless Internet connections. All of the major sectors of the telecommunications industry are or will increasingly use VoIP. Demographic †¢ The telecommunications industry offers steady, year-round employment. Overtime sometimes is required, especially during emergencies such as floods or hurricanes when employees may need to report to work with little notice. †¢ Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations account for 1 in 4 telecommunications jobs. Telecommunications line installers and repairers, one of the largest occupations, work in a variety of places, both indoors and outdoors, and in all kinds of weather. Their work involves lifting, climbing, reaching, stooping, crouching, and crawling. They must work in high places such as rooftops and telephone poles, or below ground when working with buried lines. Their jobs bring them into proximity with electrical wires and circuits, so they must take precautions to avoid shocks. These workers must wear safety equipment when entering manholes, and test for the presence of gas before going underground. Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers, generally work indoors—most often in a telecommunication company’s central office or a customer’s place of business. They may have to stand for long periods; climb ladders; and do some reaching, stooping, and light lifting. Adherence to safety precautions is essential to guard against work injuries such as minor burns and electrical shock. †¢ Most communications equipment operators, such as telephone operators, work at video display terminals in pleasant, well-lighted, air-conditioned surroundings. If the worksite is not well designed, however, operators may experience eye strain and back discomfort. The rapid pace of the job and close supervision may cause stress. Some workplaces have introduced innovative practices among their operators to reduce job-related stress. †¢ The number of disabling injuries in telephone communications, the principal sector of the telecommunications industry, has been well below the average for all industries in past years. †¢ The telecommunications industry offers employment in jobs requiring a variety of skills and training. Many jobs require at least a high school diploma or an associate degree in addition to on-the-job training. Other jobs require particular skills that may take several years of experience to learn completely. For some managerial and professional jobs, employers require a college education. †¢ Due to the rapid introduction of new technologies and services, the telecommunications industry is among the most rapidly changing in the economy. This means workers must keep their job skills up to date. From managers to communications equipment operators, increased knowledge of both computer hardware and software is of paramount importance. Several major companies and the telecommunications unions have created a Web site that provides free training for employees, enabling them to keep their knowledge current and helping them to advance. Telecommunications industry employers now look for workers with knowledge of and skills in computer programming and software design; voice telephone technology, known as telephony; laser and fiber optic technology; wireless technology; and data compression. Political/Legal †¢ Telecommunications Act: Enacted by the U.S. Congress on February 1, 1996, and signed into law by President Bill Clinton in 1996, the law’s main purpose was to stimulate competition in the United States telecom sector. †¢ FCC controls the wireless spectrum allocations among the various broadcasters and service providers. This allocation is through a competitive auction at high cost to service providers, which result in an increase of debt burden of these companies, eventually trickling down to consumers. †¢ FCC as a watchdog regulates that there be no monopoly of a single player in the telecom market. Mergers and consolidation among companies is closely watched and evaluated before being allowed Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis 1. Threat of New Entrants – No surprise, in the capital-intensive telecom industry the biggest barrier-to-entry is access to finance. To cover high fixed costs, serious contenders typically require a lot of cash. When capital markets are generous, the threat of competitive entrants escalates. When financing opportunities are less readily available, the pace of entry slows. Meanwhile, ownership of a telecom license can represent a huge barrier to entry. In the US, for instance, fledgling telecom operators must still apply to the Federal Communications Commission to receive regulatory approval and licensing. There is also a finite amount of â€Å"good† radio spectrum that lends itself to mobile voice and data applications. In addition, it is important to remember that solid operating skills and management experience is fairly scarce, making entry even more difficult. 2. Power of Suppliers – At first glance, it might look like telecom equipment suppliers have considerable bargaining power over telecom operators. Indeed, without high-tech broadband switching equipment, fiber-optic cables, mobile handsets and billing software, telecom operators would not be able to do the job of transmitting voice and data from place to place. But there are actually a large number of large equipment makers around. Nortel, Lucent, Cisco, Nokia, Alcatel, Ericsson, Tellabs are just a few of the supplier names. There are enough vendors, arguably, to dilute bargaining power. The limited pool of talented managers and engineers, especially those well versed in the latest technologies, places companies in a weak position in terms of hiring and salaries. 3. Power of Buyers – With increased choice of telecom products and services, the bargaining power of buyers is rising. Let’s face it; telephone and data services do not much vary regardless of which companies are selling them. For the most part, basic services are treated as a commodity. This translates into customers seeking low prices from companies that offer reliable service. At the same time, buyer power can vary somewhat among market segments. Customers can be as small as individual residential users like you or me, or be as big as an ISP like America Online or a large university. While switching costs are relatively low for residential telecom customers, they can get higher for larger business customers, especially those that rely more on customized products and services. 4. Availability of Substitutes – Products and services from non-traditional telecom industries pose serious substitution threats. Cable TV and satellite operators now compete for buyers. The cable guys, with their own direct lines into homes, offer broadband Internet services, and satellite links can substitute for high-speed business networking needs. Railways and energy utility companies are laying miles of high-capacity telecom network alongside their own track and pipeline assets. Just as worrying for telecom operators is the Internet: it is becoming a viable vehicle for cut-rate voice calls. Delivered by ISPs – not telecom operators – â€Å"Internet telephony† could take a big bite out of telecom companies’ core voice revenues. 5. Competitive Rivalry – Competition is â€Å"cut throat†. The wave of industry de-regulation together with the receptive capital markets of the late 1990s paved the way for a rush of new entrants. New technology is prompting a raft of substitute services. Nearly everybody already pays for phone services, so all competitors now must lure customers with lower prices and more exciting services. This tends to drive industry profitability down. In addition to low profits, the telecom industry suffers from high exit barriers, mainly due to its specialized equipment. Networks and billing systems cannot really be used for much else, and their swift obsolescence makes liquidation pretty difficult.

Calculating Number of Days - Mathematics

Calculating Number of Days - Mathematics An interest period will involve two dates. The date the loan is given and the end date. You will need to find out from the loan institution if they count the day the loan is due or the day before. This can vary. In order to determine the exact number of days, you will first need to know the number of days in each month. January - 31February - 28*March - 31April - 30May - 31June - 30July - 31August - 31September - 30October - 31November - 30December 31 You can remember the number of days in a month by memorizing the days of the months nursery rhyme: Thirty days hath September,April, June, and November,All the rest have thirty-one,Excepting February alone,Which has but twenty-eight days clearAnd twenty-nine in each leap year. February and Leap Year We cannot forget about Leap Year and the changes it will present for the number of days in February. Leap years are divisible by 4 which is why 2004 was a leap year. The next leap year is in 2008. An extra day is added to February when February falls on a leap year. Leap years also cannot fall on a centennial year unless the number is divisible by 400 which is why the year 2000 was a leap year. Lets try an example: Find the number of days between Dec. 30 and July 1 (not a leap year). December 2 days (Dec. 30 and 31), January 31, February 28, March 31, April 30, May 31, June 30 and July 1 we dont count. This gives us a total of 183 days. Which Day of the Year Was It? You can also find out the exact day that a specific date falls on. Lets say you wanted to know what day of the week a man walked on the moon for the first time. You know that it was July 20, 1969, but you dont know which day of the week it falls on. Follow these steps to determine the day: Calculate the number of days in the year from Jan. 1 to July 20 based on the number of days per month above. You will come up with 201 days. Subtract 1 from the year (1969 - 1 1968) then divide by 4 (omit the remainder). You will come up with 492. Now, add 1969 (original year), 201 (days prior to the event -July 20, 1969) and 492 to come ups with the sum of 2662. Now, subtract 2: 2662 - 2 2660. Now, divide 2660 by 7 to determine the day of the week, the remainder the day. Sunday 0, Monday 1, Tuesday 2, Wednesday 3, Thursday 4, Friday 5, Saturday 6. 2660 divided by 7 380 with a remainder of 0 therefore July 20, 1969 was a Sunday. Using this method you can find out which day of the week you were born on! Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

BUS305, Competitive Analysis and Business Cycles Mod 1 Session Long Essay

BUS305, Competitive Analysis and Business Cycles Mod 1 Session Long Project - Essay Example The organization is likely to bring interesting focus to this economic analysis for few reasons as follows. One is that it is one of the most successful cafà © chains operating across many markets. The supply of the organization is common across different markets and customers have derived customer satisfaction through the entertainment they gain from the cafà © in terms of food, music, ambiance and the association with the brand. Another interesting fact is that the Hard Rock Cafà © is currently owned by the Seminole tribe of Florida which comprise of Native American people. This ownership differs from the conventional forms of business ownerships by large firms and individuals. Economic terms carry varying relevance to different organizations. Within this economic analysis, the terms, â€Å"Resources†, â€Å"Costs†, and â€Å"Markets† will be considered along with their relevance to the Hard Rock Cafà ©. The term â€Å"Resources† refers to â€Å"things you need to survive and thrive† and as people have infinite wants, the resources available are not sufficient to satisfy all these wants. Thus the resources such as Land, Labor, Capital and Entrepreneurship need to be allocated efficiently if economic agents are to maximize the wants which they can satisfy. The relevance of this to Hard Rock Cafà © is that they will have limited capital, suitable locations, good managerial and entrepreneurial talent and good human resource and they need to invest these on most optimum business ventures to maximize their economic gains. While the potential to open cafes or hotels all over the world exists, they have presence only in 36 cou ntries which reflects the implication of scarce resources on business. The term Markets in terms of economics is â€Å"any convenient set of arrangements by which buyers and sellers communicate to exchange goods and services† (Anderton 2002). Relevance to Hard Rock Cafà © is that potential exists for them as a seller to meet their buyers and

World Trade Organization Benefits Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

World Trade Organization Benefits - Assignment Example The past history has seen many wars that erupted due to the hostile feeling for each other that existed between the nations, the element of hostility in the trade and exchange was one of those reasons. After the Second World War, when there was a slight realization of avoiding the atmosphere of trade tension, an international level organization was brought into play which was called General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). W.T.O is a platform that has bridged various nations of the world onto a single platform, it has been in action since 1995, through which they achieve exchange of goods, and material and benefit their own economies as well as the regional economies. It has a pre defined set of rules that are created in the most suitable manner with focus on international peace and trade promotion. The modern world and its citizens have benefited in a considerable amount from this body and it has provided innumerable benefits to the modern industrial era, few of those advantag es and benefits are as follows: Element of peace: The incumbent body in place has made many things possible which would otherwise be not possible. It has given hope for a better world which would be dominated by the peaceful exchange of goods and material, since trade always enables the exchange of good feeling between the two parties, therefore W.T.O in a subsided manner plays the role of peacekeeping and relationship building as well. Trade and exchange opens routes for exploration and harmony. W.T.O while being a very large scale entity has the privilege of bringing about various nations which were long engulfed in chains of hatred and distances. While it was evident in past that many countries could not engage in a bi lateral trade amongst each other due to various reasons, the W.T.O has wiped off that excuse and has engaged many nations in trade relations through means of third party trade and multi lateral exchange on a large scale. The W.T.O provides a platform which in a gen tle manner obliges various nations to start trade which each other regardless of their previous history of disputes and tussles that may have existed in past. History can be dug to find out that many disputes over trade resulted in large scale wars, however on the contrary to that perception; world trade organization provides a platform for resolving all disputed issues pertaining to the trade and exchange. Inclusion of Saudi Arabia: The inclusion of Saudi Arabia is believed to benefit the organization, its partner companies as well as Saudi Arabia itself. For this reason, Saudi Arabia has under gone number of steps that would further ease its process towards the entry into the large international block. Abiding by these laws, it would benefit the Saudi local market and would improve the standard of living and benefit the government, local investors and the citizens. Role of Third party mediator: While some critics may argue that trade and exchange may engulf various nations into di sputes and disagreements, this fear is grounded through the presence of a centralized body in form of W.T.O. It plays the role of mediator and ensures that no party violates the rules or reaches to a level which is unacceptable and beyond the manifesto of the W.T.O accord. W.T.O obliges nations to bring their disputes to the table and strictly prohibits each member from taking any individual action which is against the rules specified. Definition of Rules: An undeniable fact of every business of the world is existence of rules, be it small scale exchange or large scale exchange between two nations or two groups of nations, rules are must for any exchange. The advantage of W.T.O is the fact that it has enabled

Miami school district negotiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Miami school district negotiation - Essay Example This also controls incidents of school boards misappropriating the funds by engaging in expensive or unnecessary projects. The redistricting of school boundaries also plays a vital role in limiting future bond packages and maximizes utilization of education facilities in the schools (Greene, 2000). As a result, poverty gaps manifested in the education system are eliminated as well as improving the overall quality of education. Conversely, rezoning of the school boundaries implies that a great deal of students change schools and teachers are transferred. This process is also resource intensive with huge portions of public funds going into it. As a result, there is need for dedication from all stakeholders. Therefore, before school boundaries are redrawn all the concerns and recommendations voiced by stakeholders should be considered. For instance, the quality of education is vital in today’s society. This is one of the fundamental principles that parents consider especially whe n shifting, building and buying their homes in particular school districts. This is because the quality of education that is subjected to children shapes their future as well as molds their personalities, talents and character. Poor quality of education from early stages in life i.e. intermediate and secondary level of education, will adversely affect the livelihood of students (Brantlinger, 2003). Therefore, in the event of redistricting school boundaries parents are usually concerned about teachers’ competence, implemented strategies of accessing and determining quality of education facilities and the standards of education in these schools where they are supposed to transfer their children to. Another factor that parents consider in the event of redistricting school boundaries is the increase in cost and time taken to travel to and from school. Most of the students who should be transferred have to either use the school bus or walk a further distance to get to their new sc hool. Such measures usually disorient students to the extent of adversely affecting their time management and study plans. Moreover, parents also consider that their children will have to be subjected to different environmental factors that may adversely affect their social life (Douglas, Crowson & Shipps, 2006). On the same note, parents fear that their children will have lose ties with friends from the former school which may also affect their social life subsequently affecting their grades. The students too constitute major stakeholders in the education system. The process of redrawing new school boundaries may affect the quality of education they are subjected to especially if the schools they are transferred to have lower quality standards. In addition, they may have to travel long distances, face rejection due to their racial, economic, cultural and religious differences and break friendship ties with their former friends. Conversely, their social life and self esteem may chan ge to be worse. On the other hand, teachers and the other staff will also be affected by the redistricting process because they will also be transferred to a new working environment which also means that there will be a couple of layoffs. Their concern is fitting in and adjusting to the new environment as well as their future and career

Sales and Marketing Tourism Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sales and Marketing Tourism Report - Essay Example There are decorations in the Edwardian style: chandeliers, specially commissioned hand- painted woodcarvings and furnishing, rich fabric, Persian state of the art rugs, sophisticated designer furniture and brass – railed quality staircases (Kerin, 2006). There is awesome comfort in the 459 rooms. The rooms are divided into 294 pleasurable standard rooms, 17 luxury suites, 101 fantastic deluxe rooms, and 47 classic single rooms. It won’t go unmentioned that Radisson Edwardian Heathrow has received awards as its Henley’s AA Rosette serves the modern British cuisines with high quality native ingredients and Brasserie cafe that offers a more informal choice of drinks and food alike. For instance, on March 25 – 27, 2005 Radisson Edwardian Hotel hosted a â€Å"Dawn of the Dead† convention. Similarly, on March 21 – 24, 2008 a Science Fiction Easter Convention was hosted in the hotel (Bodenberg, 2002). In the analysis of the macro environment of Edwa rdian Heathrow hotel, its essential for the identification of factors that may in the event have an influence on a number of variables that may affect the company’s demand and supply levels and the associated costs(Bodenberg, 2002). The PESTLE analysis is among the checklist that is a mere framework categorizing the environmental influences as political, economic, social, technological and legal forces. The analysis examines the impacts of each factors and their interplay on business in effect to Edwardian Heathrow hotel. Pestle analysis is the strategic tool for an in depth comprehension of decline and growth, the position of business, potential and operations directions. This outcome can be used to take advantage of opportunities and structure contingency plans for presumed threats when designing the business and strategic plans ( Kotler & Makens, 2006). To start with, we shall take an analysis of the political environment. The elections of the country in England take place in the stipulated duration and have an added advantage to Edwardian Heathrow hotel. The law on employment stipulates on the human resource policies on workers remuneration and terms of employment. For instance, workers at the Edwardian Heathrow hotel have their pay on time though they work tirelessly to the satisfaction of the customer needs. There is great protection of the consumer by our company to ensure that he is not exploited in terms of price and services offered to requisite standards. The environmental regulations of the country are followed to the latter like, air and water non-pollution. The company has ensured that there is safe collection, storage and treatment of its waste (Oeklers, 2007). The industry specific regulations in the country relating to the management and operations of hotels are strictly adhered to by Edwardian Heathrow hotel. This is the reason for the many expansions that have beesn made by the company. The company conducts sophisticated checks and ad vanced investigations on its customers for efficiency to combat the fight on terrorism and warfare. In addition, there is a frequent check in the premises of the company for drug and substance abuse. The political trend in England of the king and queen has also positively ensured that services for them are always available. Secondly, the economic situation in terms of the economic growth trend is analyzed. The taxation system in the country is not to the detriment of Edwardian Heathro

The Bangladesh Liberation War, 1971

The Bangladesh Liberation War, 1971 India Pakistan War 1971 also known as Bangladesh Liberation War was as armed conflict between India and East Pakistan against West Pakistan. The war resulted in massive defeat of West Pakistan and secession of East Pakistan which is now known as Bangladesh. The war broke out on November 14 1971, initially engaging East Pakistan and West Pakistan, and later joined by India after attack of West Pakistan on the Indian Air Bases on December 3rd 1971. The war lasted until December 17th 1971. The cultural difference, economic exploitation, and language controversy between East Pakistan and West Pakistan led to separatist movement in East Pakistan. The army of West Pakistan launched Operation Searchlight to crush the movement. The massacre of thousands of civilians in East Pakistan was the main cause of the war. This research paper examines the study of the major combats and tactics used by both militaries. India and Pakistan got freedom from British rule and became separate nations in August 1947. Since then they fought many wars. In the year of 1971, East Pakistan which was the part of Pakistan earlier started protesting against the policy of the Pakistani Government. Pakistani failure to accommodate demands for autonomy in East Pakistan led to a separatist movement. West Pakistani Government launched fierce campaign called Operation Searchlight to crush the separatist movement. In 1971 West Pakistani Army carried out genocide in East Pakistan. Millions were killed and about ten millions refugees fled to India during the genocide. India already suffering from humanitarian and economic crisis was not able to carry burden of 10 million refugees. India started aiding to the Liberation Army of East Pakistan also called as Mukti Bahini to make East Pakistan an independent state and restore those refugees back to their homeland. This way the war in Eastern Theater started engaging Indian Mi litary, West Pakistani Military and Liberation Army. To release the pressure from the soldiers fighting in the East Pakistan and, to draw worlds attention away from the Genocide, West Pakistani Air Force attacked Indian Air Bases on December 3rd 1971. After the attack, India officially entered into war with West Pakistan. December 3rd 1971, 5.45 pm in evening, Pakistan launched massive attack against India by bombing Indian Airfields at Amritsar, Pathankot, Srinagar, Avantipur, Uttarlai, Faridpur, Chandigarh, Ambala and Agra. Pakistans main intention was to carry out massive air attack like the one that Israel carried out against Egypt in 1967 destroying Egyptian Air force completely. It was pre-emptive strike to destroy the Indian Air Force (IAF) completely before launching massive ground attack. The Pakistani Air Force (PAF) plane came in formation of 2, 3 and 6 and could not cause any irreparable damage to Indian planes or to Runway. Pakistan Air Force didnt succeed because of the simple reason that the Israeli plan that was studied and rehearsed by PAF was also studied by IAF. So the Pakistani attack on Indian Air bases was partially known to IAF thats why IAF took necessary caution for such kind of attack. The Indian command had dispersed most of its war planes from the forward air field to the interior areas which were away from the normal range of Pakistani Bombers. IAF took the precaution of hiding their planes inside the concrete pens so that only direct hit can destroy the plane. Almost all the Indian airfields were protected by the ack-ack anti aircraft guns hidden under the camouflaged netting. In response to Pakistani attack, Indian Air Force planes took off for Pakistan at the midnight 12.30 Am on December 4th 1971. Indian bombers attacked almost all Pakistani air fields in the West within 5 hour of taking to the air. IAF flew 500 sorties on the first night of attack. IAF flew equal amount of sorties in east and west but did more damage in East Pakistan. IAF destroyed half of the strength of PAF in east and PAF was left with only 9 Sabre Jets in the east. On 6th December 1971 IAF carried out 120 sorties for ground attack only. The IAF airman went to Attock to bomb Pakistani Refinery. Along with that, they destroyed eight railway station carrying military supplies and ammunitions and 22 wagons of goods train. IAF destroyed Pakistani target such as Bridges, Petrol Pumps, tanks, armored vehicles etc. IAF pilots carried out attacks on the PAF airbases at Mianwali, Murid,Sargodha, Sharkot, Chander and Risawala. During the 14 Day war period, IAF flew some 4000 stories in the we st and 2000 in the East.IAF also helped ground troops in many ground battles. In the Western Theater of war, the Indian Navy under the command of Vice Admiral Kohli achieved success by attacking Karachis port in the code named Operation Trident on the night of 4-5 December. Pakistani Naval headquarters was based at the historic and strategic port of Karachi here almost their entire fleet was concentrated. Pakistan attacked on Indian Airbases on December 3rd so it wasnt possible to carry out attack on the same night for Indian Navy. The attack was planned for the night of 4-5th December which was to be coordinated by continuous aerial bombardment from the IAF. The first attack on Karachi was to be undertaken by the Killer squadron which had these three missile boats; INS Nipat, INS Nirghat and INS Veer later accompanied by INS Kiltan and INS Vidyut. The fleet moved closer to the Pakistani land in the darkness of night. When the fleet was 70 miles away from Karachi, the squadron commander (K-25) B.B Yadav detected a contact at a distance of about 45 miles and a second contact about 42 miles northeast. That was the Pakistani destroyer Khaibar which failed to receive orders on investigation possible contact south of Karachi. K-25 ordered INS Nirghst to handle the contact in northwest. When INS Nirghat saw destroyer coming straight at the force, it launched a missile. When Khaibar saw a bright light approaching her they open fir anti aircraft gun mistaking it to be an aircraft. The missile struck Khaibar and exploded below the aft galley about 22.45hrs Pakistani time.

Unions :: essays research papers

The union movement of the late 19th century by Eli Hatch During 1870 through 1900 workers joined together; responding to the power of their employers caused by the growth of industrialization. The worker did not always have the luxury of leaving after eight hours of work, the right to representation, or the even the right to work in a safe environment. The working people of nineteenth century America had to unite in struggle to achieve the gains that are often taken selfishly and taken for granted today. There were many successes and failures in organized labor; the successes were often obtained through the loss of the worker, often through lost wages, jobs, or even death. The organization structure of the union during 1870 through 1900 went through different cycles and strategies to achieve what they wanted. One of the first effective regional organized unions was the Knights of Labor formed in 1869. The knights took in not only skilled workers but also any worker that could be trul y classified as a producer. The knights took their peek in 1885 when strikes against Union Pacific, Southwest System, and Wabash railroads attracted public sympathy and succeeded in preventing a reduction in wages, at this time they boasted a membership of 700,000. 1886 was a troubled year for labor relations. There were nearly 1,600 strikes involving 600,000 workers, with the eight-hour day being the important item for all of the strikes. Failure of some of the strikes and internal conflicts between the skilled workers and the unskilled led to a decline in the Knights popularity and influence. Another organization called the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions created a constitution that other unions could adhere to. This constitution met in Pittsburgh on Nov. 15 1881 and was created by representatives of the cigar makers, the printers, the merchant seamen, steel workers, carpenters and local units of the Knights of Labor. One of the most important items in the constitu tion created by the FOTLU recommended that the legal eight-hour work day be an objective for every union to achieve. The FOTLU thus accelerated a strong national push for a shorter work week. The AFL grew from 140,000 in 1886 to nearly on million by 1900. With these strengths in numbers they often preferred striking over political action. The struggle for workers rights, wage increases and protests against wage cuts were often unsuccessful resulting in violence and death.

C1: white an introduction which explains why it is important to plan to meet the care and learning needs of all children Essay

In this research task I will be explaining the importance of meeting the care and learning needs of all children and referring to various legislation and a theoretical perspective which supports this research and legislation Planning to meet the care and learning needs of all children is crucial to their wellbeing, growth and development. Early years practitioners must always follow and understand the standard care needs of children which are set out by the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS). These guidelines help support and allow practitioners to know how to meet and plan for children’s learning and care needs to give them the best possible start in life. Care needs have been researched by theorists like John Bowlby and Maslow; they have both shown that to achieve and develop in life it is important to have confidence and positive self-esteem. See more: how to write an introduction paragraph Maslow’s hierarchy of needs explains human behaviour and shows the important in terms of basic requirements. Other theorists like Brunner, Piaget and Vygotsky look at the way children learn. Appropriate provision is important for children as this covers all aspects from stage of development, age and special learning needs that might be in the setting. Ensuring that practitioners take into account any learning needs is very important. Practitioners provision will be allowing for any children with additional needs e.g. hearing impairment, physical needs, eye problems, speech impairment are given the required help and support which will suit that child’s individual needs to help them learn and develop. If a child wasn’t given support when needed they can become very behind and won’t be able to learn the way they have the right to learn. Children can become very reclusive and lack confidence if they are singled out or excluded, so giving them the right support they need will benefit them and help them progress. In practice there was a girl who couldn’t walk unaided, she had a walker for mobility. The girl hasn’t as yet been diagnosed with anything but every in the nursery were accepting and supportive. If she need to sit down we would help her, if she wanted to go outside we would make sure she was able to do it herself. When we had a standing activity we made sure there was a chair close in case she needed to sit down, we had tables that were longer so she could stand up if she wanted to and have her walker behind her for support. We never excluded her from an activity and we changed activity plans to suit her needs. View as multi-pages

In what ways, and how effectively Essay

â€Å"Hamlet† contains particular elements which categorise it as a revenge tragedy, a popular genre in late 1500’s and early 1600’s. Revenge tragedies often comprise of certain characters who are appointed to pursue vengeance against a particular person. In addition, there is frequently a central plot, for example Hamlet’s revenge on Claudius for his father’s death, and minor sub plots; Laertes’ revenge on Hamlet and Fortinbras’ attempt to regain the lands his father lost. Revenge tragedies often incorporate similar plot lines, which are usually relatively simple, and they regularly contain similar features, such as a ghost, a hesitating revenger, a villain and concepts of madness, all of which are featured in â€Å"Hamlet. † Although the play is much more complex than a stereotypical revenge tragedy, one of the central themes is revenge, and Shakespeare portrays this through three entirely different characters. The main plot focuses on Hamlet, however there are intricate links to Laertes and Fortinbras. Shakespeare effectively presents the three revenge characters as possessing parallel lives, especially Fortinbras and Hamlet. In using 5 Acts, Shakespeare does more than present the popular genre of revenge tragedy and through the structure of these he effectively uses sub plots, as well as the main plot, in which Hamlet is instructed to take revenge on Claudius. The sub plots, including Laertes’ revenge on Hamlet and Fortinbras’ revenge, are particularly effective because they allow contrasts between the main revenge characters, and allow the audience to observe each character in a different perspective. In this way Hamlet’s attitude towards revenge contrasts with that of Laertes’, the typical avenger, and Fortinbras’ life appears to almost parallel Hamlet’s. Shakespeare effectively brings the main and sub-plots to a close dramatic conclusion. Various scenes, such as the gravediggers scene, have a dual purpose in that whilst they provide an integral concentration on death, they also act as â€Å"comic relief† scenes, and inject some humour into the play. Shakespeare presents Hamlet as the central character and the main focus in the theme of revenge. The audience initially meets Hamlet in Act 1 ii, where the court is assembled, and there are signs of conflict between Hamlet and the newly appointed King, Claudius. The audience is given the plot basis, which in turn the play develops from. Hamlet’s disgust for the King and Queen is specifically addressed in his first soliloquy, where he shares with the audience his anguish and resentment for them. He attempts to come to terms with his Father’s death and his Mother’s hasty marriage to Claudius, â€Å"But two months dead, nay, not so much, not two! † (Act 1 ii) Due to his mother’s swift marriage, Hamlet’s opinions of womenhood are shattered, â€Å"Frailty, thy name is woman. † Shakespeare effectively develops this initial resentment, which Hamlet feels towards both the King and Queen due to their â€Å"o’erhasty marriage† (Act 2 ii), and it intensifies when Hamlet is informed by the Ghost of the true nature of his father’s death. In this first soliloquy, his speech is evocative, especially where he conveys strong emotions in the metaphor comparing the current world to â€Å"an unweeded garden,† (Act 1 ii) with â€Å"things rank and gross in nature. † Shakespeare effectively presents Hamlet as a considerable intellect, shown by his reference to Greek mythological figures. He emphatically uses juxtaposition, where Hamlet makes a strong comparison between his father and Claudius, â€Å"Hyperion to a satyr. † Act 1 ii, implying his father was like a sun god whereas Claudius was a mere half goat half man creature. The strong comparison reveals his bitterness towards Claudius. It can be argued that the ghost is created by Shakespeare as a powerful, metaphorical force and as such acts as the initial figure to provoke Hamlet to pursue an active revenge against Claudius. Hamlet’s first response to the ghost’s claim is rather hasty, † May sweep to my revenge. † Act 1 v. This appears to echo Laertes’ impetuous attitude towards revenge, however, Hamlet does not fit this role, and he remains a thinking revenger. The ghost states â€Å"Ay, that incestuous†¦ and prey on garbage,† (Act 1 v) suggesting that Claudius had seduced Gertrude before her husband’s death, although there is no evidence in the rest of play to support this judgement. As a result, Hamlet experiences greater resentment towards both Gertrude, but more specifically Claudius. Hamlet is instructed by the ghost to avenge his father’s death, â€Å"If thou hast nature in thee, bear it not†¦ damned incest. † (Act 1 v) however, he tells Hamlet to leave Gertrude to God’s judgement, â€Å"Leave her to heaven†¦ prick and sting her. † Act 1 v. Shakespeare effectively uses a metaphor to present Gertrude’s conscience. The ghost’s last words to Hamlet are â€Å"Remember me† (Act 1 v) which sounds like a command, but is actually an unequivocal instruction, in which Hamlet must not forget to avenge his father. Shakespeare utilises the Ghost’s speech to relate the terrors of purgatory, ending with the effective simile, â€Å"Like quills upon the fretful porpetine. † Act 1 v. The ghost continues this passionate language to arouse intense feelings and incite Hamlet to commit murder as the ultimate revenge, â€Å"Ay, that incestuous, that adulterate beast. † (Act 1 v). Similarly the ghost’s narrative uses particularly graphic and evocative language to enhance strong emotions, â€Å"That swift as quicksilver is courses through / The natural gates and alleys of the body. † Act 1 v. Shakespeare effectively presents Hamlet as a thinking revenger and not a warrior, a major contrast to Laertes’ character. Hamlet’s second soliloquy particularly focuses on his delay for avenging his Father’s death, when he begins with â€Å"O, what a rogue and peasant slave am I! † Act 2 ii. Hamlet expresses his disgust for himself for delaying his revenge, and the language of the speech is passionate, because he is punishing himself. During the soliloquy, he constantly criticises himself, â€Å"A dull and muddy-mettled rascal†¦ not for a King. † Act 2 ii. Hamlet expresses himself as dull spirited and unable to act, because he is â€Å"pigeon-livered and lack gall. † Act 2 ii, suggesting that he does not contain the capacity for revenge, and doesn’t have the courage to accomplish the deed. Shakespeare effectively presents Hamlet’s inner frustration, in his language by using a series of adjectives, â€Å"Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindless villain! / O, Vengeance! † Act 2 ii, which reveals his real hatred for Claudius. Hamlet questions the ghost’s honesty for the first time, â€Å"The spirit that I have seen / May be the devil, and the devil hath power. † Act 2 ii. Therefore, Hamlet decides to â€Å"catch the conscience of the King,† (Act 2 ii) by staging a re-enactment of the crime and this portrays Hamlet’s thinking and philosophical approach to revenge, which he wants to be perfect. The prayer scene also reveals his philosophical temperament as Hamlet, the â€Å"sole son,† realises he is the only person appointed to take revenge for his father’s death. Shakespeare provides Hamlet with a perfect opportunity in which he has the chance to kill the King. However, Hamlet feels it is morally wrong to kill Claudius at prayer, not because it is a sacrilegious act, but because it would allow Claudius to go to heaven, which Hamlet obviously objects to. â€Å"Now might I do it pat, now ‘a is a-praying. And now I’ll do’t, And so ‘a goes to heaven. † Act 3 iii. It could also be argued that this suggests that he is not a cold – blooded killer. Hamlet also feels he would be letting his father down, â€Å"Why, this is hire and salary, not revenge,† and so consequently, Hamlet spares his Uncle’s life. Hamlet’s language during this speech appears particularly passionate. Shakespeare further portrays Hamlet as a major contrast to Laertes, in that Hamlet believes the King must be engaged in a sinful act before he can take revenge, â€Å"When he is drunk asleep, or in his rage / Or in th’incestuous pleasure of his bed. † Act 3 iii. However, Laertes is presented as a rash revenge hero and states that he would â€Å"cut his throat i’th’church! † Act 4 vii. Ironically, Hamlet’s soliloquy appears irrelevant, because Claudius’ repentence is not sincere, as his last couplet in the scene suggests, â€Å"My words fly up, my thoughts remain blow. / Words without thoughts never to heaven go. † Act 3 iii. The audience witnesses the king’s first, and only, confession during his soliloquy, in which he cannot pray due to his ill conscience and guilt, â€Å"A brothers murder. Pray can I not. † Act 3 iii. Consequently, it could be argued that Shakespeare wanted to give the audience a psychological insight into Claudius’ character and to feel some sympathy towards him, especially in the opening line, â€Å"O, my offence is rank. It smells to heaven. † (Act 3 iii) In a sense, Shakespeare could be presenting Claudius in this manner to allow the audience to see him from a different perspective, instead of the traditional revenge villain. Claudius reveals why he killed the previous king Hamlet, â€Å"My crown, mine own ambition, and my Queen,† (Act 3 iii) and, he does ask for forgiveness, â€Å"Forgive me my foul murder? † Act 3 iii. Yet it is significant that he cannot fully repent because he is not willing to consider giving up the crown. Therefore, Shakespeare continues to present Claudius as the main villain in the play, one who is driven by cowardly and evil ambitions, but the audience is given a psychological insight, in which they gain a new understanding of his character. Shakespeare appears to present Hamlet from an alternative viewpoint, during the fencing match in the concluding scene. Hamlet’s revenge for Claudius is intensified, when his mother too is killed. She drinks to the success of her son, despite Claudius’ rebuke of â€Å"Gertrude, do not drink. † (Act 5 ii) The audience anticipates his strong objection to the Queen drinking, yet Shakespeare effectively presents Claudius’ cowardice and, arguably doubtful feelings for her, in this simple reproach. It is clear that Claudius cannot contemplate abandoning the plot, in order to save the Queen. After the trauma of his mother’s death, Hamlet acts with spontaneity when Laertes tells him who is responsible for the poisoned drink, â€Å"The King, the King’s to blame,† (Act 5 ii) and he wounds the King with the â€Å"envenomed† sword. Hamlet’s impulsive act echoes the murder of Polonius. He forces Claudius to drink the poison, â€Å"the King dies. † and in dying without contrition or forgiveness, Hamlet experiences some satisfaction in that his revenge will result in Claudius being sent to hell. However, Hamlet has experienced four acts of dilemma and deliberation and, in a sense, he was forced to take revenge due to Claudius’ callous actions and had a prime opportunity to do so. Shakespeare presents Laertes as a rash revenge hero, an effective contrast to Hamlet, and his revenge develops as a sub plot. Laertes returns home from Paris and demands to know how his father died, â€Å"How came he dead? † Act 4 v. Laertes appears to the audience as the more traditional revenger when compared to Hamlet, and he seems extremely determined, â€Å"My will, not all the world’s. † Act 4 v, implying that nothing in the world will stop him, until his desire for revenge is satisfied. The contrasting character of Laertes reveals the complex and indecisive manner in which Hamlet carries out revenge. Laertes’ revenge is intensified when he sees Ophelia’s madness, and he specifically compares Ophelia’s situation to that of their father’s, â€Å"a young maid’s wits† and â€Å"an old man’s life. † Act 4 v. Laertes, addressing Polonius’ funeral, describes it as â€Å"obscure† because there was â€Å"no trophy, sword, nor hatchment o’er his bones. † Act 4 v. In this sense Laertes experiences a greater resentment for his father’s death, in that he has not been honoured with an elaborate funeral. However, the relative secrecy of Polonius’ death is probably deliberate to avoid betraying the corruption of the court, an aspect Laertes is blind to. Claudius manipulates and corrupts Laertes, taking advantage of his rash state, and so is deliberately presented as a villain. By Act 4 vii, Laertes has discovered that Hamlet killed Polonius and his vengeful determination leads him to question Claudius as to why he has not yet taken action against Hamlet. Claudius gives â€Å"two special reasons,† which are that the Queen loves Hamlet and he loves the Queen, therefore he could not bear to act, â€Å"The Queen his mother lives almost by his looks. † In addition the common people love Hamlet and would support him, â€Å"Is the great love the general gender bear him. † Act 4 vii. The reasons Claudius gives reflect his manipulation of the truth and his cowardly attitude because he needs an instrument for his treachery. Both Claudius and Laertes are interrupted by a letter from Hamlet, â€Å"From Hamlet? Who brought them? † (Act 4 vii) Claudius is very surprised because he would have expected Hamlet dead. Claudius’ manipulation over Laertes is expressed again; â€Å"Will you be ruled by me? † Act 4 vii. Claudius must now make Laertes take revenge on Hamlet, because his plot to have Hamlet killed in England has failed. Claudius attempts to make Laertes a possible ally, by manipulating and flattering him, â€Å"Sir, this report of his†¦ to play with you. † Act 4 vii. The suggestion that Hamlet envies Laertes is possibly an invention on Claudius’ part because there is no other mention of this in the play. Claudius moves onto more urgent questions, â€Å"Laertes, was your father dear to you? † which makes Laertes appear helpless and eager to co-operate. Laertes comments that he would â€Å"cut his throat i’th’ church! † to prove himself to Polonius. Again Shakespeare uses these words significantly as they contrast strongly with Hamlet’s unwillingness to kill the king while he is at prayer. Laertes plays right into the kings’ hands when he offers to put poison on his sword tip, â€Å"I will do’t, / and for that purpose I’ll anoint my sword. † Act 4 vii. Ophelia’s drowning acts to further intensify Laertes’ revenge on Hamlet. The fencing match reinforces the presentation of Laertes as a revenge hero, as he acts in a typically rash and immoral manner. Shakespeare specifically presents this when Laertes becomes impatient and wounds Hamlet with the poisoned sword, â€Å"Have at you now! † (Act 5 ii) The indication that Laertes suddenly drives at Hamlet, and wounds him, reveals that he has now carried out his revenge. However, Laertes quickly notices the revenge on Hamlet has backfired â€Å"I am justly killed with mine own treachery,† (Act 5 vii) and that in addition he has also assisted Claudius in accidentally killing Gertrude. However, unlike Claudius, Laertes stays alive long enough to ask for forgiveness, â€Å"Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet. † Act 5 ii. It is significant that Hamlet accepts Laertes’ apology, in that he is not pursuing revenge against him, the opposite being true of Claudius. More importantly it illustrates the greatness of Hamlet in comparison to the relative weakness of Laertes. Fortinbras is rarely mentioned in the play, however, he is briefly outlined by Claudius at the beginning. Shakespeare portrays Fortinbras as the third revenger, thus developing a complex presentation of tragedy in that there are three revengers. Fortinbras is introduced as having a parallel life to Hamlet’s and being a minor character compared to Laertes and Hamlet. In the sub plot Fortinbras wishes to take revenge for the lands his father lost in a duel with old King Hamlet, â€Å"Now sir, young Fortinbras†¦ so by his father. † Act 1 i. It appears that Fortinbras is like his father, a warrior, and this contrasts with Hamlet, who although his own father was also a warrior, has been well educated. When Fortinbras visits Elsinore in the final scene, he discovers he has succeeded to the throne, â€Å"But I do prophesy th’election lights on Fortinbras. † Act 5 ii, suggesting Hamlet is preparing the future throne of Denmark, and wants Fortinbras to succeed him. It is significantly ironic that Fortinbras gives Hamlet a soldier’s funeral, even though he wasn’t a warrior. Therefore Shakespeare uses various effective ways to present the theme of revenge throughout â€Å"Hamlet. † He uses contrasts between characters; Hamlet, Laertes and Fortinbras and divides each scenario into sub plots, which he effectively incorporates to one in the concluding scenes. Hamlets’ soliloquies allow the audience to experience a greater perception of his complex character, particularly as he is the main focus in the theme of revenge. Similarly Shakespeare’s language and imagery effectively portrays emotions and allows the characters to reveal aspects of their nature to the audience. Bibliography â€Å"The Embassy of Death: An Essay on Hamlet† – G. Wilson Knight   www. ulg. ac. be/libnet/germa/haleteng. htm   http://absoloute shakespeare. com http://shakespeare. about. com.