Texas vs. Hopwood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Texas versus Hopwood - Essay Example The exposition Hopwood versus Texas discusses the legal activism and legal activism by the case of the case Hopwood v. Texas which stays one of the most seriously prosecuted cases highlighting the long fight over governmental policy regarding minorities in society in advanced education and a genuine case of legal activism. Legal activism involves that the Court larger part utilized individual or political rules that outperform the expected limit depicted by the enactment. The ascent of legal activism has here and there been marked as a â€Å"end of majority rules system and the legal usurpation of legislative issues. One of the drivers for the expanded open concern has emerged from the inclination of the courts to use their capacity to choose cases as a method of refuting laws passed by assemblies, and even the individuals themselves by means of voting form activities, wherein decided in certain conditions uphold their own arrangement on a hesitant society. The Supreme Court in addi tion to other bureaucratic legal bodies have outperformed their established cutoff points as well as have contested the guideline of federalism that should protect the perceived leverage between the national government and the administrations of the states. In certain examples, the adjudicators seem to outperform their capacity with respect to choosing cases that are under the steady gaze of the court. Judges are relied upon to practice judgment concerning deciphering the law according to the Constitution. Judges ought to use their capacity to redress shameful acts, particularly in cases in which different parts of the administration neglect to act to do so.... Consequently, courts have a basic task to carry out in molding social arrangement on issues, for example, social equality, shield of individual rights, open profound quality, and political shamefulness (Cox, 2012). The center inquiries on legal activism focuses on whether courts ought to be granted the ability to invalidate enactment for the sake of the constitution. Legal activism could prompt some type of dictatorship (Vijayan, 2006). The courts guarantee that the force grounded in inductions acquired from the constitution’s credit as the preeminent law, just as from the idea of the legal office. Conversation over legal activism typically returns to issues in regards to legal matchless quality: first, every area of the constitution’s letter and soul is on a fundamental level esteemed â€Å"enforceable† by the legal executive; second, every other open authority, is limited by his vow to the constitution itself, to take the Supreme Court’s assertions on th e Constitution as authoritative on himself. In view of these lessons on legal force the Supreme Court has a viable position to modify the importance of the constitution among its normal forces (Stephens and Scheb, 2008). Accordingly, legal matchless quality has accomplished a few proportions of authenticity by excellence of well known passive consent to its terms. It isn't the nonattendance of sacred position that makes legal activism a major issue since courts are not intended to render wide open arrangement. Lobbyist courts have sabotaged essentially every part of the open strategy in the field of: allowing racial tendencies and standards; building up a â€Å"right† to open government assistance help; discouraging criminal indictment; upsetting state referenda; and, recognizing a privilege to

Organisational Behavior and Management Comparative Report

Question: Examine about the Organizational Behavior and Management for Comparative Report. Answer: Presentation The current report is a near report understanding the significance of teambuilding for an association. The current report is essentially founded on four distinctive picked articles on the board that centers around teambuilding. Mention that the current article will dig profound into the part of group assembling and will accept an open door to basically audit and look at the four changed articles taken for the examination. In the current report an unmistakable examination would be done to comprehend the significance just as the effect of teambuilding through the investigation of the articles and will likewise give a rich near rundown of all the four articles taken for the report so as to conceal the destinations of the investigation. Diagram of the report In the current area all the articles taken up for evaluation will be incorporated adequately with pugnacious angles coming into show. Teambuilding is a critical viewpoint for an association and subsequently it is significant that it is considered by the associations viably and consequently the current report will attempt to build up an away from audit of the articles taken applicable to the theme. The four distinct articles taken for examination are given underneath: 1. Understanding And Improving Teamwork In Organizations: A Scientifically Based Practical Guide: Salas et al., 2015 2. Towards Effective Team Building in the Workplace: Fapohunda, 2013 3. Group Building - Adding Value or Variety? Cresswell, 2009 4. An Analysis on the Effectiveness of Team Building: The Impact on Human Resources: Sualiman et al., 2012 Contentious conversation of Article 12 The initial two articles have talked about the parts of teambuilding at the work environment. The primary article introduced by Salas et al., (2015) depicted that groups these days are inescapable in nature and present all around and henceforth it is critical to build up a solid strategy to comprehend and improve teambuilding at the working environment. This investigation Salas et al., (2015) expressed that collaboration is an essential piece of an association and it is by the powerful instrument of teambuilding one organization could make progress. In the ongoing past there have been various looks into on teambuilding and its significance, yet this article has given a solid stage that will assist with comprehension and improve the method of teambuilding. According to Salas et al., (2015) teambuilding is a perpetual and dynamic methodology which encourages a specific organization to function according to the laid destinations. The creators have dug profound into the idea of teambuild ing and have discovered that throughout the years there have been various types of inquires about by various techniques like review, Meta examination and so forth which has concentrated on uncovering the need and the significance of comprehension teambuilding at the working environment. This current article has been very powerful in expressing nine distinct contemplations which would assist with comprehension teambuilding in a viable way. The adequacy of the groups depends on these nine contemplations and the current article has been powerful in talking about them viably. The creators have contended that teambuilding is turning into a key issue that should be taken care of viably by the directors which is one of their essential occupations. Since the investigation has been done dependent on the distinctive auxiliary sources found by the creators it gives powerful results and henceforth one might say that the examination had the option to demonstrate the theory taken. The examination likewise features the significance of the supervisors and their jobs in group building which stands to be significant parts of the investigation that has been secured by the creators successfully (Kipp, 2011). Then again the investigation by Fapohunda, (2013) takes a gander at the criticalities of teambuilding broadly talking about the various methodologies and the scope of exercises that must be secured adequately for an administrator to develop an effective group. Fapohunda, (2013) accepts there are eight key viewpoints which help in building up a group and furthermore builds up the adequacy of a group. To have an unmistakable objective, powerful dynamic, responsibility, preparing and improvement are a portion of the compelling angles which have been exceptionally stressed upon. The examination has been centered around its goal and has talked about the viewpoints which add to the improvement of execution of the groups. The essence of teambuilding stands to be the methodology that an administrator takes to shape a group. Sympathy, shared trust and regard are a portion of the key characteristics that an administrator ought to have so as to manufacture a viable group. The key thought that t he creator sends through this is there are various angles that are associated with teambuilding and it is significant that an administrator can create thoughts to outline teambuilding system (Khan Ahmad, 2012). Contention on the third Article The current article is Teambuilding Adding Value or Variety? By Creswell, (2009) fundamentally features the utilization of teambuilding in finishing various exercises identified with the working environment. Cresswell, (2009) has done the examination dependent on two unique organizations in New Zealand as a case base investigation which features the distinctive utilization of teambuilding. The creator has had the option to discover clear results which are ideal and states that teambuilding exercises could be utilized settling diverse work based issues. It has likewise been found in the examination that teambuilding is additionally used to improve and build up the group execution too which straightforwardly influences the general execution of the associations. The current examination has talked about the various parts of teambuilding. The examination has accentuated on understanding the relational connections of the representatives cooperating as a group just as the improvement of rel ational abilities through powerful intuitive meetings. The investigation has essentially centered around uncovering the effect of teambuilding on the workers proficient life and it has indicated that both the contextual analysis organizations had encountered positive effect of teambuilding on their representatives. Since this is an exploration study finished by Cresswell, (2009) the system utilized by the creator has been in accordance with the guidelines of an essential research which has additionally assisted with finishing the investigation adequately. Contention on the fourth Article The fourth article is An Analysis on the Effectiveness of Team Building: The Impact on Human Resources by Sulaiman et al., (2012) is fundamentally a logical examination done to comprehend the adequacy of teambuilding concerning the effect on the HR. Mention that the current examination incorporates the parts of human asset the board which centers around the viability of teambuilding. As indicated by Sulaiman et al., (2012) it is critical to have distinctive productive groups working in an association as it will assist with concentrating on the hierarchical targets successfully. Compelling teambuilding angles help to build up the representatives from inside and help them to get insightful, gifted and versatile to each sort of condition (Klein et al., 2009). The investigation has dove profound into the job of human asset the board to construct a powerful group in an organization and since this exploration is a case based examination it has helped the creators to get great outcomes as t he strategy utilized for the investigation has been acceptable. The investigation expressed that a group might be viable when every single individual from the gathering knows each other well and henceforth it has stressed on relationship making parts of teambuilding (Khan Ahmad, 2012). The various ways to deal with teambuilding have been talked about in the investigation which gives ideal stage to the future scientists to get bits of knowledge from the examination and work on a similar theme to take the exploration on teambuilding further. Mention that the current research is done from the perspective of the human asset the executives and thus one might say that this examination will likewise assist with adding to the improvement of the human asset the board in associations. In general one might say that the examination by Sulaiman et al., (2012) has successful outcomes applicable to teambuilding and consequently will help further investigates on human asset working (Kipp, 2011). Examination of the Articles All the four articles have been compelling from their own angle as they set out to demonstrate the individual speculation of these picked articles. It is critical to specify that teambuilding is a critical angle in an association and consequently all these four articles are viable to give bits of knowledge to the hopeful administration experts. The principal article by Salas et al., (2015) centers around understanding and improving teambuilding yet the examination couldn't have cared less to give essential proof to teambuilding rehearses utilized in various associations which has been done in the investigation finished by Cresswell, (2009). The absence of essential proof despite everything puts an inquiry on the functional usage of the various conditions that have been talked about by Salas et al., (2015). Despite the fact that Cresswell (2009) utilizes both quantitative information and subjective information it is seen that in the examination the writing survey has not been totally in accordance with the subject of the exploration which could have given a solid hypothetical or theoretical help to the investigation which has been finished by Fapohunda, (2013) in the investigation that worries with compelling teambuilding inside associations. The fourth article by Sulaiman et al., (2012) considers the parts of an examination of viability of teambuilding from the perspective of HRM. The human asset is a significant angle and this investigation gives better experiences as far as unmistakable information seeing teambuilding when contrasted with different examinations taken in this report (Hochberg Tamhane, 2009). Suggestions for Managers These articles re

Counting On One Hand

Counting On One Hand the number of semesters completed at MIT. So today, I waved farewell to my fifth semester at MIT. Its kinda creepy how time seems to be going by so fast. Now I must say that Ive made the following observations about life here: Hard work pays off. It really does. Things dont just fall out of the sky and WEBSIS doesnt let you pick your own grades, you have to work for them. This observation was prompted by the fact that sometimes this semester I wanted to throw my hands up and give up, but in my experience here, we students dont like that attitude. One way or another you drink from that firehose and you get it done. I can say that this semester was the first semester for many things for me. Yesterday, I had the hardest final exam of my life. The concepts in the class are very theoretical and abstract, and the test simply just wasnt. Needless to say, Ive never walked out of an exam questioning the validity of the response I put down to every question,but the professor apparently agreed with my logic =). This was the first semester that I came close to pulling an all-nighter. Before coming to MIT, I told myself that I wouldnt pull an all-nighter. I dont really remember why I made this deal, but Im sticking to it, or at least trying to. Also the first semester Ive been able to wake up on time without my alarm clock. So with the end to this semester, it means Im on my way home to spend the holidays with family and friends. Itll be nice to return to flip flops and a tshirt as I bask in the warm weather home to Ryan, Marissa, Seth, and Julie Cooper Nichols. Ben, do you get the reference? Until then, for those of you finishing off your applications to MIT, best of luck to you! For everyone else, Happy Holidays, and Ill see you when I wake up from my three-day-long nap.

The Little Mermaid For Example - 1632 Words

Human beings have always endeavored to make themselves more attractive. Adorning jewelry, clothing hairstyles, and beauty products in the effort to heighten our beauty has been practiced and even celebrated by women for centuries. However, with more technologies and advancements the world has entered into a new enhancement: Cosmetic Surgery. The question that I pose is: Why? Why is it that this â€Å"body-changing culture† has enveloped the female world? Beliefs of beauty are so deeply engrained into our culture and society, and from a young age girls are taught that appearance matters. Take the Hans Christians fairy tail, the Little Mermaid for example. Ariel gives up her voice, and thus her ability to communicate her knowledge to the world, for a pair of legs, to attract a man. This story is one of many that teach young girls that beauty, but more importantly, a specific type of beauty is required to succeed. Girls are products of the lessons they are taught, and as th ey grow into women there is an expectancy to maintain their form, appearance, and comportment within specifically defined social parameters. When an average young women looks in the mirror she sees fat. People judge their body dissatisfaction on the difference between the ideal body, and their perceived body. The thin and fit ideal has constantly, since the early 1900s, been a fundamental signifier of femininity, which encourages women to rise to unrealistic figures (Klein 2013). Women emulate theseShow MoreRelatedThe Heroine and Archetypal Characteristics of The Little Mermaid 729 Words   |  3 Pagesstory, â€Å"The Little Mermaid† there are demonstrations that describe what a heroine is. A female character that is noted for special achievements represents the heroine in a story. Therefore, the youngest mermaid â€Å"Little Mermaid† represents the heroine throughout the story. The Little Mermaid is a mystical creature that longs only to seek the handsome prince she laid eyes on. â€Å"Once she became human, the witch said she could never become a mermaid again† (Anderesens 185). This is an e xample of how theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Little Mermaid 1478 Words   |  6 PagesThis story is not so fairytale-like if we realize that the â€Å"magical element† is actually an unplanned cause for the little mermaid s death. There is dramatic irony in this excerpt, which leads to the unlikely fairytale ending. The fairytale can also be called a parody of conventional fairytales hidden as one itself. In an essay by Vladimir Propp, he explains how when the ending turns out to be tragic, the expectations of the readers are reversed (Propp 79). The parody and irony led to a somewhatRead MoreAnalysis of the Little Mermaid Essay1192 Words   |  5 PagesThe Little Mermaid Analysis The Little Mermaid is an example of how woman were seen in society. In the fairy tale, women are characterized by appearance rather than personality by both men and women. The little mermaid mentions â€Å"But if you take my voice, what shall I have left?† (Anderson 226). In this quote, the little mermaid believes that she cannot just be herself to win the prince’s heart. The prince also looks at women the same way because of how he talks to the little mermaid. HeRead MoreThe Little Mermaid Analysis1404 Words   |  6 Pagesmeaning behind Alice in Wonderland and Through The Looking Glass? Even though there are many other examples, there is one story that we are all familiar with. The Little Mermaid. In Disney’s portrayal of The Little Mermaid, Ariel’s dream of becoming a human and marrying the man of her dreams are fulfilled and she lives happily ever after. However, in Hans Christian Andersen’s story this little mermaid did not have such a happy ending as the man that she had loved and longed for did not return theRead MoreThe Little Mermaid Comparison1476 Words   |  6 PagesThere are a lot of people out in the world who are huge fans of Walt Disney. Disney is well known for their fairytales and their happily ever after endings, but do we know where these stories come from? Take â€Å"The Little Mermaid† for example. Everyone knows â€Å"The Little Mermaid† is about a mermaid who loses her voice in exchange for legs, so that she could be with the prince and in the end, they get married and live happily ever after. That’s Disney’s version of the story, but what about the original versionRead MoreBeliefs Are A Tricky Thing1190 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussed mythological creature is the mermaid. The idea of mermaids has been around for centuries and was a big aspect in fairy tale stories. Although it has been around for so long the idea of mermaids is a made up concept and they are not rea l creatures. The current definition of a mermaid according to the Oxford English Dictionary is, â€Å"An imaginary, partly human sea creature with the head and trunk of a woman and the tail of a fish or cetacean†. Mermaids are quite simple, they are women withRead MoreMermaids Are Merely Myths?1361 Words   |  6 PagesMermaids are Merely Myths It is not rare to see mermaids depicted in forms of entertainment, it is quite common for the 21st century because it keeps people curious. Mermaids have been talked about since the 9th century and have certainly not lost the interest to the public eye. Mermaids are mythical creatures that have been argued to be real for centuries and have been portrayed in modern works such as movies, TV shows, and paintings. The early 1600s struck uproar and rumors about the half fishRead MoreIn The Year 2017 Morals Have Changed All Around The World1297 Words   |  6 Pagesdecent examples. Children love watching movies and are quick to learn and pick up on the characters actions. Disney is known to be kid friendly so a lot of parents let their kids watch these movies without realizing that they contain messages for children that are inadequate for them. Specifically, â€Å"The Little Mermaid† sends messages to children that could frame their beliefs on how maturing works in a negative manner. Throughout this lesson we have read three versions of â€Å"The Little Mermaid† and onlyRead MoreThe Deeper Tale Of The Mighty Mermaid942 Words   |  4 PagesThe Deeper Tale of the Mighty Mermaid Since Disney has been known to alter stories to have cheerful endings, it’s no surprise that the little mermaid is depressing. While Disney does have creative license to alter tales to create good productions, I am troubled by the rate at which stories are changed. In a famous attack over 25 years ago, Sayers blasted Disney for showing scant respect for the integrity of the original creations of authors and treating folk texts without regard for [their]Read MoreGender Roles Of Men And Women1362 Words   |  6 Pages 1805, in Odense Denmark. Not much is known about his childhood but in 1819, he went to Copenhagen for a career in acting. He began writing in this time frame. He published many books and plays in his lifetime including fairytales such as the Little Mermaid and The Ugly Duckling. Mr. Anderson died August 4, 1875, at the tender age of 70. There have many variations of the stories over the years. The stories take on animated and life form through modern movies. One of the most known modern fairy

American Fashion Industry in 21st Century - 1555 Words

American Fashion in 21st Century ‘Fashion’ is the need to adapt to ever changing styles; to dress in distinctive and current trends and a means for one to express their individuality. Fashion refers to keeping every aspect of one’s body up-to-date for varying reasons. Some people prefer a simple life style with modest attire whereas most passionately follow the fashion industry and rapidly change accordingly. This increase in demand for individually tailored items including everything from clothing and footwear to makeup and body piercings is what gave birth to the fashion industry. The roots of this business can be traced to America in the nineteenth century where it grew rapidly and spread across the globe to become the highly†¦show more content†¦What is more, this completion extends to designers as well since they strive to differentiate their products introduce innovative styles which can result in an inefficient use of resources and illegal busines s practices. This need for cost minimization is one of the reasons as to why the fashion industry exploits cheap foreign labor. The glamor, the runways and the exhibitions are just the front of a dark background. This industry works on the basis of subcontracting, where designers place orders with manufacturers who then hire sub-contractor to complete their orders. Since this industry is highly competitive subcontractor are given only take or leave option with often less payment compared to amount of work which forces them to resort to employing cheap labor in their own workshops which often end up resembling sweat shops. Even if this is not the case, designer brands have their own units to produce their goods. Recently many of the fashion retailers have been accused of underpaying their workers and violating international labor laws by running sweatshop. These involve extremely low wages, long working hours and poor working conditions. Earlier this month, factories in Cambodia were investigated for possible violation labor laws. These factories produced clothing for the fast fashion retailer Hamp;M which was found to be paying their workers a measly wage of $61 a month by a Swedish TV program called ‘Kalla Fakta’(Keilla 1). Since America is powerfulShow MoreRelatedThe Institute Of Museum And Library Services1490 Words   |  6 Pagesestablishing a museum and library in today’s 21s century of technology and digital resources would be the new â€Å"REIMAGE†. The research and evaluation of this program targets each state museum and library needs and what they have to offer to the community. The museum of my choice would be to create an Interactive Gallery Fashion Institute. There is a need of more youth fashion cultural awareness museums in Florida. The culture and selection of fashion defines who we are and how we behave as people.Read More The Modernization of America Essay733 Words   |  3 Pagesand the refrigerator were produced in the early 20th century. These are all very important steps in laying the foundation for the modernization of America, but I would argue that the first truly modern period in American history would have to be the 1920s. The 1920s brought a capitalistic population who, as a nation, leaned toward isolationism. In two main fields, the 1920s modernized American society to reflect the America of the 21st century more than any era before it. These fields are mediaRead MoreRevival Of The Fashion Industry1247 Words   |  5 Pages Term Paper still in Work: Revival of the Fashion Industry in Paris (1945-1960) The French fashion industry and French Haute Couture survived the postwar era. Using high fashion for the reconstruction of the French national image with billions of francs in state financial assistance is due to the intertwined identity with â€Å"Frenchness† and fashion. The French tradition of fashion influence is centuries old buoyed with royal patronage origins. This established the prestige and authority as the world’sRead MoreSupply Map Chain Essay847 Words   |  4 Pagesmix helps the fashion designer to control the target market. The distributor of the finished garment later determines how the product would distribute throughout the department and discount stores. The target market will help the designer to assess the success of the garment. The selection of the garments plays a volatile role in the supply chain because without the right garment/raw materials the finished product may not result to the vision of the designer. â€Å"The fashion industry is cha racterizedRead MoreAnalysis of the Fashion Industry1301 Words   |  6 PagesFashion is one of the world’s most important creative industries. It has provided economic thought with a canonical example in theorizing about consumption and conformity. Social thinkers have long treated fashion as a window upon social class and social change. Cultural theorists have focused on fashion to reflect on symbolic meaning and social ideals. Fashion has also been seen to embody representative characteristics of modernity, and even of culture itself. Everyone wears clothing and inevitablyRead MoreThe Components Of Media Outlet1341 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Outlet Story Milagrosa Bilogo Ndong American Intercontinental University MKTG340 Unit 3 Individual Project 08/06/2016 Abstract This document will present a media outlet story. The components of media outlet will be dissected and discussed in detail. Media Outlet Story Introduction This document will present a media outlet story. The components of media outlet will be dissected and discussed in detail. Specifically discussed will be the following: overview of haute coutureRead MoreBeauty : Self Harm For Men And Women1401 Words   |  6 Pagessignificance in today’s culture. Americans idolize beauty because, over the decades, men and women have learned to use their appearance for personal advantage. As a result, the pursuit for a perfect face and a body to match has created a 160-billion-dollar global industry (Patzer 112). The extreme emphasis placed on one’s physical appearance has caused eating disorders, self-esteem issues, and a plastic surgery craze in America. Eating disorders are the most common â€Å"fashion accessory† in today’s modernRead MoreHollywood Movies And Fashion Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagesthe capacity to make not just a star of its leading women, but a fashion icon too. From Audrey Hepburn and Grace Kelly to Julia Roberts and Keira Knightley, via Mia Farrow and Catherine Deneuve, some of Hollywood s most successful stars owe a lot to their on-screen style. Moreover, during the 21st century, movies have been a powerful media in which to influence people’s style.   Movies gave society a great way to see vintage fashion, including how to wear period accessories that accompany the clothingRead MoreHow The Silver Screen Affects Women s Fashion Trends?1495 Words   |  6 PagesHow the Silver Screen Affects Women’s Fashion Trends? Today/Throughout History? Silver screen has the capacity to make not just a star of its leading women, but a fashion icon too. From Audrey Hepburn and Grace Kelly to Julia Roberts and Keira Knightley, via Mia Farrow and Catherine Deneuve, some of Hollywood s most successful stars owe a lot to their on-screen style. Moreover, during the 21st century, movies have been a powerful media in which to influence people’s style.   MoviesRead MoreBig Breakthroughs Happen When What Is Still1201 Words   |  5 Pagesworld was ready to put aside their war tendencies and focus on economic stability. The launch of Netscape so close to the dot com boom meant that the world was suddenly a very small place and people could communicate with each other in a much simpler fashion. The workflow software ensured that there were standardised protocols for computers to communicate within themselves without human intervention. The importance of the third flattener cannot be emphasised enough. The next three flatt eners that Friedman

Rhode Island Free Essays

Cotton is estimated to have been grown, spun and woven into clothes in Pakistan, in the Indus River valley, 3000 years B. C. The natives of Egypt Nile valley also used cotton to make clothes at the same time. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhode Island or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cotton was introduced to Europe by the Arab merchant about 800 AD cotton was found growing in the Bahamas Islands in 1492, a discovery by Columbus. Cotton became known worldwide, by 1500. Cotton was first planted in 1556 in Florida and 1607 in Virginia. In 1730 cotton was first spun by use of machinery in England. This led to the industrial revolution and later invention of the cotton gin in US that paved way for the modern cotton industry. A patent of gin in 1793 was secured by a native of Massachusetts known as Eli Whitney. The machine would do the work 10 times faster than by use of hand. The gin made it possible for the later fast growing textile industry. The supply of large quantities of cotton fibre led to the growth of cotton growing in the early 1800s. Cotton had its importance in late 1700s and early 1800s; the research paper will be discussing cotton’s importance then. Earlier on James Hargreaves in 1760s invented the spinning Jenny which was later improved on by Richard Arkwright (Waterwheel Spinning Frame). Springing up of textile mills and cottages for imported workers was to follow. This saw the birth of factory system with the first successful system of mass production. Others who contributed to industrial revolution in cotton production included; Fulton’s steamboat in 1807, Stephenson’s locomotive in 1825, Cyrus McCormick’s reaper in 1831, the Howe-singer sewing machine in 1854 and Sir Henry Bessemer’s converter in 1858. Discussion Cotton growing in the early 1800s led to the textile industry development. For example the invention of spinning machines led to further improvement to produce better machines to be used in the textile industry. James Hargreaves invention of spinning Jenny in 1760s resulted to further improvements on the machinery. The inventions led to the industrial revolution, which led to the increased production of cotton. The textile industry grew very fast to produce cotton fibre, which were used by the people in the early 1800s. Cotton growing led to the improvements in transportation system. Coal was required as fuel and iron for the new machinery in the cotton textile manufacturing. Both coal and iron mining increased to provide raw materials for the manufacturing companies. New roads were developed to satisfy the transportation requirements. There was the development of rail roads and steamships for easy access of mines and easy supply of the material to the textile industries. Employment was created in the newly created factories. Between the years 1793-1858, invention of cotton gin, steam engine, steamboat, locomotive, sewing machine and the converter was seen. The cost of producing cotton clothing was lowered by the introduction of the new devices. This created a worldwide demand for cotton. The farm workers in the cotton farms were freed to enter into the newly created factories. This promoted employment of the people in the factories. Cotton enhanced huge amount of capital investment by the south. The south region due to increased rate of cotton manufacturing invested a lot of capital and labor in cotton growing plantations. Profits were made by big planters by use of slaves in labor. For example Mississippi in United States quickly developed an economy based on growing cotton. This led to the growth of the economy in years that followed. Development of electric power was as a result of shortage of waterpower in Mississippi. The advent of steam power later led to the development of electric power. In the given economy electric power increased efficiency and led to rapid growth of the cotton industry in other regions. The economy was able to grow very fast due to increased revenue and investment. Cotton growing led to the growth of the agricultural economy. New species of cotton were introduced to maximize the yield. Use of slave lab our and poor payment of workers reduced the textile’s industries expenditure. High revenue was channeled back to move production of cotton. The cotton plantations continued to increase in number enhancing growth of the agricultural sector. On the other hand cotton growing promoted the use of slave labor in the plantations for example, cotton manufacturing in the south led to investment of capital and labor in cotton growing. The big plantations used slave labor. The slaves would do a lot of work without payment. Slaves were exploited by cotton manufacturing industries to provide labour in their farms. Worker’s had very poor living and social conditions. Apart from the slave labour, those who were employed in the plantations were paid very poorly. The workers could not afford to live well due to the low income they earned from the cotton farms though they continued working. This influenced the later movement of people from the colonial farms to the urban areas in search of greater income and better working conditions. There was use of child labour in cotton growing. In Rhode Island, Samuel Slater in 1970 reconstructed spinning machines to establish a 72-spindle mill (first successful water-powered spinning mill in America) . Young children between 7-12 years were employed to operate machines. This left cabin and domestic weavers to weave yarn into cloth. This was referred to as â€Å"Slater or Rhode Island system’ and was later emulated by manufacturers in other states. Cotton production increase can be attributed to the inventions of machines in the textile industry, availability of cheap or slave labour and increased investment of capital and growth of the agricultural economy with time. In 1973, the south produced 10, 4510 bales of cotton, then 177,824 bales in 1810 after the invention of cotton gin. This later increased to up to 7 million bales by 1850. In conclusion, cotton had both positive and negative effects on the economy of the states where it was grown in the early 1800s. From those many years, cotton has become one of the most important textile fibre in the world. From few regions where it was grown, it has spread to many areas while technological advancements have increased its productivity. References Paul . S, Neal S, Clifford. C, Kett. F, 2008. The Enduring vision . A history of the American people How to cite Rhode Island, Papers

Thomas Jefferson as the Greatest Teacher and Source of Inspiration

History is the greatest teacher and source of inspiration. Our country, the United States of America, is home to the greatest legendary heroes and scholars who have forged the shape of the today’s world. Former President, J. F. Kennedy, when he â€Å"welcomed Nobel Prize winners into the White House in 1962, he out rightly admitted that he was obliged to share the room with the world’s greatest sources of knowledge with the exception of one, Thomas Jefferson†[1].Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Jefferson as the Greatest Teacher and Source of Inspiration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thomas Jefferson was a former President, Politician, Architect, archeologist, paleontologist, musician, inventor, revolutionist and scholar. If I were given the humble chance to travel back in time and get a chance to interview Thomas Jefferson I would ask him the following questions: What is your own o pinion what do you have to say about banking establishments and the role they play in their environment? As a politician and the president of United States of America, which has just gained independence which elements do you intend to enshrine in the domestic policy? Following the hot debate and conflicts involving the thorny issue of slave trade, do you consider yourself as a crusader for or against slave trade? As The United States of America tries to establish itself as a giant nation in the world what are the various foreign policies you are putting in place to govern the relationship between The United States of America and other countries? What is your take on the majority rule and what way should the minorities take to redress any wrongs done on them? What are your take on education and its importance on the advancement of United States into one of the strongest countries in the world? The Response In 1816, Jefferson noted â€Å"banking establishments were more dangerous th an standing armies and therefore if necessary that such institutions be properly controlled.†[2] Thomas Jefferson was against most banking institutions and their famous discounting techniques which allowed people to spend money which they have not earned at the price of jargons called interest rates. He thought that banks and their aggressive search for money would swindle the children of America who would wake up homeless one day in the land that belonged to their fore fathers. For instance, from his personal experience, he got into a lot of debt and hard to mortgage his property and slaves. He believed that such institutions would be used by hereditary aristocrats to further their ambitions at the expense of the citizens. Although Thomas Jefferson tried to lobby policy makers to accept his line of reasoning but they refused only to regret later in 1812 when a financial chaos was formed as a result of war. He would in turn be very categorical and blame the current financial i nstitutions such as the Wall Street and credit card institutions which have handed massive debt to the citizens of America. It is this debt and their discounting techniques which have ended up leaving Americans with no cash money in their pockets leading to shortage of funds and unemployment. This is because he thought that banks snatched wealth/power from the people and concentrated the wealth/power between a few people. Therefore he would consequently blame the current financial downfall on the banking and financial system.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jefferson’s domestic policy was aimed at liberty and freedom. He believed that America should not enter into any association with any country that hindered the rights and liberty of the American people. He believed in republicanism and American exceptionalism. The term republicanism argued that the country and nation belonge d to its citizens[3]. No man and woman should therefore have his/her rights violated since they are enshrined in the declaration of independence. Having championed for the release of slaves with no success, and was the first president who came up with a formal Indian removal plan that was considered humane. In a letter to one of his friends Samuel Ker cheval, Thomas Jefferson insisted that the foundation of the republican governance was to secure equal rights for all American citizens are it in person or property. Arguably, Thomas Jefferson was a defender of civil liberties. He further went a step to oppose the principles of hereditary aristocracy that would go ahead to form a big gap between the rich and poor. IT is these same hereditary arrangements that would aggrandize opportunities for a given sect of people and kill the spirit upon which the country was founded on[4]. As far as the issue of human rights and slavery is concerned, Thomas Jefferson would advocate for human right s and ensure that all human beings should enjoy the liberty and freedom of the land. Thomas Jefferson did not advocate for slave trade he in fact educated and trained all his slaves with exemplary educational and literary skills. Although Thomas Jefferson had many plantations of slaves he often admitted that slavery was a shame and many a times tried do fight the institution of slave trade. In fact in 1907 he went ahead to sign a bill banning importation of slaves into the United States of America. In his notes on the state of Virginia he attacked slavery and thought that it was duty of the state and society to release slaves. In fact in the first draft of the declaration of independence he condemned British slave trade and violation of distant people human rights who did not offend her.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Jefferson as the Greatest Teacher and Source of Inspiration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn M ore Unfortunately this was dropped from the final draft of the declaration of independence. It is therefore clear that Thomas Jefferson was opposed to slavery and slave trade. Therefore it is right to say Jefferson found slavery not to be right and this is why he treated them with dignity and even went ahead to right and publish books on slavery, acting as a voice for the rights of this people who were slaves. As far as foreign policy was concerned Thomas Jefferson was a famous fan of international trade but was strongly opposed to country alliances he was once quoted in 1779 saying â€Å"Commerce with all nations, alliance with none, should be our motto.†[5] This is why he was considered to be a strong republican and therefore a champion for republicanism calling for Americans to love their country and that the citizens be the people who decide who should govern them. It will be true to derive that this was America’s foreign policy. Thomas Jefferson wanted to mainta in America’s freedom and liberty and not involve himself with European wars and disputes. His overall foreign policy was friendship peace and prosperity for all nations of the world. He thought that America’s national security would be compromised by meddling in other peoples affairs. Which is consequently true to date many Americans are being kidnapped and the American government is often asked to release foreign political prisoners or even withdraw troops from certain areas. Thomas Jefferson believed that it was better to make no treaty than make a bad one; he was opposed to treaties that called for power sharing and preferred peacemaking treaties that lead to stability and peace of nations and regions. Therefore America struggled to separate its systems from European systems. Thomas Jefferson said to Benjamin Waring (in 1801) â€Å"The will of the people†¦ is the only legitimate foundation of any government, and to protect its free expression should be our fir st object.†[6]. Thomas Jefferson believed that for decisions to be made and a country to be ran smoothly than the will of the majority must prevail, therefore incase a minority decision that was to be imposed on the majority would be considered an evil. In this case Thomas Jefferson knew the dangers that could arise out of entrenchment by malicious individuals who would want to impose their opinions on other citizens of the republic. This goes ahead to support that Jefferson was among the first supporters of democracy. He also went ahead to advice those who were minorities and felt deprived of certain rights by the majority should search for good avenues to redress their plight.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As far as education was concerned Thomas Jefferson led from the front. He was a polymath who had ability to tackle many disciplines ranging from mathematics to arts. He even made sure that he educated his slaves in reading and writing and also other technical skills. He is considered the father of the University of Virginia where he made an elaborate plan of seeing able students through university. He tabled a bill in 1817 that intended to unearth talent that was buried in poverty; he believed that by doing this the number of educated brains would triple output in the United States of Americas compared to other countries. The bill further supposed that there be a school within every county and district collages near every locality plus a good university system. Being amongst the greatest scholars who have ever lived in this planet it is clear that Thomas Jefferson took education seriously and understood its importance in developing the nation and spreading his spirit of republicanis m which aimed at improving the lives of every citizen. Bibliography Bernstein, Richard. Thomas Jefferson. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Holmes, Jerry. Thomas Jefferson: a chronology of his thoughts. Boston: Rowman Littlefield, 2002. Jefferson, Thomas. Thomas Jefferson: His Words and Vision. New York, Peter Pauper Press, 1998. Reynolds, David. Empire of Liberty: A New History. London: Penguin America, 2010. Schama, Simon. The American Future: A History from The Founding Fathers To Barack Obama. New York, NY: Vintage, 2009. Footnotes Richard Bernstein, Thomas Jefferson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 6. Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson: His Words and Vision (New York, Peter Pauper Press, 1998), 78. Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson: His Words and Vision (New York, Peter Pauper Press, 1998), 46. Jerry Holmes, Thomas Jefferson: a chronology of his thoughts (Boston: Rowman Littlefield, 2002), 58. David Reynolds, Empire of Liberty: A New History (London: Pengui n America, 2010), 104. Simon Schama, The American Future: A History from The Founding Fathers To Barack Obama (New York, NY: Vintage, 2009), 141. This essay on Thomas Jefferson as the Greatest Teacher and Source of Inspiration was written and submitted by user Aisha Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Rape essays

Rape essays Is The Black Man A Victim Or A Victimizer Of "Rape"? Rape is a primary source of fear in Richard Wright's Native Son. Through the main character of the story, Bigger Thomas, Wright reveals the idea that black men in the 1940's feared the thought of being associated with "rape", which is a result of racism and white-superiority. But, even though Bigger is afraid of such a situation, he eventually does commit "rape", which brings about his downfall and, eventually, his death. In Native Son, Richard Wright's protagonist, Bigger Thomas, is a young, fearful, and violent black man, through which he shows the struggles that a black man must endure to support his family and get by in life. Bigger's fears are the results of living in a racist, white-dominated society. Bigger, as well as the other blacks, live in the "black belt" of town, in poorly conditioned buildings and small apartments owned by the whites. They often have low-paying jobs and are the victims of white abuse. To emphasize the economic and social crisis between the blacks and the whites, Wright often uses reoccurring metaphors. Throughout the story, he often repeats Bigger's fear of being accused of rape or even being molested himself. This is first seen when he goes to the Daltons' to interview for the job and decides to take the gun with him: Inside his shirt he felt the cold metal of the gun resting against his naked skin; he ought to put it back between the mattresses. No! He would keep it... He was going among white people, so he would take his knife and his gun... Then he thought of a good reason why he should take it; in order to get to the Dalton place, he had to go through a white neighborhood. He had not heard of any Negroes being molested recently, but he felt that it was always possible. (48) This shows that the blacks can be, and have been, victims of white abuse, which is related to "rape". Bigger feels that he needs to protect himself from the whites, w...

Manuel Quezon of the Philippines

Manuel Quezon of the Philippines Manuel Quezon is generally considered the second president of the Philippines, even though he was the first to head the Commonwealth of the Philippines under American administration, serving from 1935 to 1944.  Emilio Aguinaldo, who had served in 1899-1901 during the Philippine-American War, is usually called the first president. Quezon was from an elite mestizo family from the east coast of Luzon. His privileged background did not insulate him from tragedy, hardship, and exile, however. Early Life Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina was born on August 19, 1878, in Baler, now in Aurora Province. (The province is actually named after Quezons wife.) His parents were Spanish colonial army officer Lucio Quezon and primary school teacher Maria Dolores Molina. Of mixed Filipino and Spanish ancestry, in the racially segregated Spanish Philippines, the Quezon family were considered blancos or whites, which afforded them more freedom and higher social status than purely Filipino or Chinese people enjoyed. When Manuel was nine years old, his parents sent him to school in Manila, about 240 kilometers (150 miles) away from Baler. He would remain there through university; he studied law at the University of Santo Tomas  but did not graduate. In 1898, when Manuel was 20, his father and brother were accosted and murdered along the road from Nueva Ecija to Baler. The motive may have been simply robbery, but it is likely that they were targeted for their support of the colonial Spanish government against the Filipino nationalists in the independence struggle. Entry into Politics In 1899, after the US defeated Spain in the Spanish-American War and seized the Philippines, Manuel Quezon joined Emilio Aguinaldos guerrilla army in its fight against the Americans. He was accused a short time later of murdering an American prisoner of war, and was imprisoned for six months, but was cleared of the crime for lack of evidence. Despite all of that, Quezon soon began to rise in political prominence under the American regime. He passed the bar exam in 1903 and went to work as a surveyor and clerk.  In 1904, Quezon met a young Lieutenant Douglas MacArthur; the two would become close friends in the 1920s and 1930s. The newly-minted lawyer became a prosecutor in Mindoro in 1905  and then was elected governor of Tayabas the following year. In 1906, the same year he became governor, Manuel Quezon founded the Nacionalista Party with his friend Sergio Osmena. It would be the leading political party in the Philippines for years to come. The following year, he was elected to the inaugural Philippine Assembly, later renamed the House of Representatives. There, he chaired the appropriations committee and served as majority leader. Quezon moved to the United States for the first time in 1909, serving as one of two resident commissioners to the US House of Representatives. The Philippines commissioners could observe and lobby the US House  but were non-voting members. Quezon pressed his American counterparts to pass the Philippine Autonomy Act, which became law in 1916, the same year that he returned to Manila. Back in the Philippines, Quezon was elected to the Senate, where he would serve for the next 19 years until 1935. He was selected as the first President of the Senate  and continued in that role throughout his Senate career. In 1918, he married his first cousin, Aurora Aragon Quezon; the couple would have four children. Aurora would become famous for her commitment to humanitarian causes. Tragically, she and their eldest daughter were assassinated in 1949. Presidency In 1935, Manuel Quezon headed a Filipino delegation to the United States to witness US President Franklin Roosevelts signing of a new constitution for the Philippines, granting it semi-autonomous commonwealth status. Full independence was supposed to follow in 1946.   Quezon returned to Manila and won the first national presidential election in the Philippines as the Nacionalista Party candidate. He handily defeated Emilio Aguinaldo and Gregorio Aglipay, taking 68% of the vote.   As president, Quezon implemented a number of new policies for the country. He was very concerned with social justice, instituting a minimum wage, an eight-hour workday, the provision of public defenders for indigent defendants in court, and the redistribution of agricultural land to tenant farmers. He sponsored the building of new schools across the country, and promoted womens suffrage; as a result, women got the vote in 1937. President Quezon also established Tagalog as the national language of the Philippines, alongside English. Meanwhile, however, the Japanese had invaded China in 1937 and started the Second Sino-Japanese War, which would lead to World War II in Asia. President Quezon kept a wary eye on Japan, which seemed likely to target the Philippines soon in its expansionist mood. He also opened the Philippines to Jewish refugees from Europe, who were fleeing increasing Nazi oppression in the period between 1937 and 1941. This saved about 2,500 people from the Holocaust. Although Quezons old friend, now-General Douglas MacArthur, was assembling a defense force for the Philippines, Quezon decided to visit Tokyo in June of 1938. While there, he tried to negotiate a secret mutual non-aggression pact with the Japanese Empire. MacArthur learned of Quezons unsuccessful negotiation, and relations temporarily soured between the two. In 1941, a national plebiscite amended the constitution to allow presidents to serve two four-year terms rather than a single six-year term. As a result, President Quezon was able to run for re-election. He won the November  1941 poll with almost 82% of the vote over Senator Juan Sumulong. World War II On December 8, 1941, the day after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, Japanese forces invaded the Philippines.  President Quezon and other top government officials had to evacuate to Corregidor along with General MacArthur.  He fled the island in a submarine, moving on to Mindanao, then Australia, and finally the United States.  Quezon set up a government in exile in Washington D.C.   During his exile, Manuel Quezon lobbied the US Congress to send American troops back into the Philippines.  He exhorted them to Remember Bataan, in reference to the infamous Bataan Death March.  However, the Filipino president did not survive to see his old friend, General MacArthur, make good on his promise to return to the Philippines. President Quezon suffered from tuberculosis.  During his years in exile in the US, his condition steadily worsened until he was forced to move to a cure cottage in Saranac Lake, New York.  He died there on August 1, 1944.  Manuel Quezon was originally buried in Arlington National Cemetery, but his remains were moved to Manila after the war was over.

4580 MKTG PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

4580 MKTG - PowerPoint Presentation Example This of paramount importance of any logistic support undertaking wishing to be successful. Flexibility. Concerns the continuous efforts of adjusting logistic support to changing conditions in the environment that is changing missions, developing concepts of operations, and the dynamic conditions that characterize naval operations. Economy. This is the utilization of logistic support assets both efficiently and effectively due to their availability limitations and cost. This principle ensures that logistical support is available at the most optimal time and place. It is important to understand that if principle of economy fails then flexibility fails to. Sustainability.. This is availing logistic support for the entire duration of an operation which requires effective planning based on flexibility, economy and responsiveness. This is the greatest challenge in logistics. Supply Function: This is mandated to receive, store, issue, and resupply materials for conducting naval operations. It generally equips and sustains naval in service forces from pre-deployment during combat operations and consequent redeployment. Transportation Function. Involves movement of units, personnel, equipment, and supplies from the point of origin to the final destination –operation sites etc. It also involves offload, medical evacuation, operational control of the ports, and management of the throughput Other Services meant to provide administrative and workforce support to maintain combatant forces completely equipped in naval logistics include Administration, Billeting, Disbursing, Exchange Services, Food Services and Legal Services amongst others. Acquisition. Is the process which provides new or improved logistic support over the long-term, through proper planning, programming, and budgeting and involves purchase of weapons and support systems, end items, commodities, facilities, and weapons. It ensures operational

How Single parenting has negative effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How Single parenting has negative effect - Essay Example In this regard, the current discourse aims to contend that single parenting has negative effects that are detrimental to the children, and to the single parent, in the long run. Single parenting poses risks to the parent tasks to raise the children alone due to exposure to more stressors in responding to the needs of the family. As a single parent, the mother or father has to find ways and means to support the children holistically; meaning, financially, physically, emotionally, mentally, and even spiritually. As asserted by Hertz, â€Å"women who came from working class backgrounds were at one and the same time proud of their mothers’ employment achievements and sad that it was their mothers who were doubly burdened with keeping family life together† (6). As such, the need to fit all tasks and endeavors in a limited time frame poses health risks to single parents, including risks for developing anxieties, depression, cardiovascular diseases, and even burnout. Concurren tly, single parenting also exposes the children to be recipients of bursts of emotions and negativity. This fact was revealed by Aldort and Aldort who contended that â€Å"sometimes, in spite of all our intentions to love and be kind, what we might feel toward a child is anger and even resentment† (15). ... These are often feelings that we may not be aware of because of fear and discomfort rooted in our past experiences† (Aldort and Aldort 15). The negative impact of these outbursts to children include loss of confidence in themselves, depression, low morale, and even fear to socialize, trust others, and open up, as required. After having presented the negative effects of single parenting to the parent and the children, it could also be asserted its damaging repercussion to social structures, particularly in terms of maintaining a solid and unified family as the basic unit of society. Single parents need to exert double efforts to make up for the loss of the physical presence of spouse and of a father or mother to the children. As such, there seems to be something lacking that is felt by the parent and the children alike. This void could not be replaced by material things or by other people. Therefore, the negativity associated with trying to fill the void remains persistent. As a verred, â€Å"warmth, discipline, materialism - dealing with all these issues effectively demands that we address not only the challenges that parents face, but also the needs that they have as they try to be the best parent they can† (Levine 169). As such, inasmuch as the single parent focusing all his or her efforts to provide a holistic support to the children, the needs of the parent could most likely be neglected and wanting. Thus, the core values of maintaining a cohesive and supporting family, as the basic unit, are definitely eroded as society begins to accept single parenting as the socio-cultural norm in contemporary societies. There are those who argue that

The Nature Of Subsonic Airflow

The Nature Of Subsonic Airflow The nature of subsonic airflow over aerodynamic sections and over the aircraft at large must be considered, including the forces that result from such airflow and the effect these forces have on the aircraft, during steady flight and during manoeuvres. Although there are various kinds of pressure, pilots are mainly concerned with atmospheric pressure. It is one of the basic factors in weather changes, helps to lift an aircraft, and actuates some of the important flight instruments. The pressure of the atmosphere varies with time and location. Due to the changing atmospheric pressure, a standard reference was developed. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has established this as a worldwide standard, and it is often referred to as International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) or ICAO Standard Atmosphere. Large modern passenger aircraft can weigh in excess of five hundred thousand kilograms when they fly with a full fuel and passenger load, yet this combined mass is lifted into the air with apparent ease. Modern jet fighter aircraft can exceed the speed of sound and are very manoeuvrable. Thrust, drag, lift, and weight are forces that act upon all aircraft in flight. Understanding how these forces work and knowing how to control them with the use of power and flight controls are essential to flight. Task 1 A, The international standard atmosphere is an atmospheric model of how the pressure, temperature, density and viscosity of the earths atmosphere change over a wide range of altitudes. ISA model divides the atmosphere into layers. http://en.citizendium.org/images/thumb/2/26/AtmTempProfile.png/350px-AtmTempProfile.png Atmospheric Layers Figure 1 source= http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=international+standard+atmosphere+diagramum=1hl=ensa=Nbiw=1366bih=667tbm=ischtbnid=IWsOmm4pNQN12M:imgrefurl=http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Atmospheric_lapse_ratedocid=IVZzKSSCCNR_KMimgurl=http://en.citizendium.org/images/thumb/2/26/AtmTempProfile.png/350px-AtmTempProfile.pngw=350h=385ei=aImJUMrXNo2Y1AWj04G4Dwzoom=1iact=hcvpx=369vpy=138dur=273hovh=207hovw=188tx=145ty=90sig=113637047184909608346page=1tbnh=137tbnw=125start=0ndsp=19ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:72 Troposphere Troposphere contains about 80% of atmospheres mass 99 % of its water vapour and aerosol. The temperature of the troposphere generally decreases as the altitude increases. The reason for the temperature difference is that the absorption of the suns energy occurs at the top of the atmosphere cooling the Earth, this process maintaining the overall heat balance of the Earth. Stratosphere Stratosphere is the second important layer of the atmosphere. It is separated from troposphere by tropopause. It takes about 12 to 50km of the atmosphere. The temperature increases as the altitude increase. At the top of the stratosphere the thin air may attain temperature close to 0c. this is happening because of the absorption of UV radiation from the sun by the ozone layer. Such a temperature profile creates very stable atmospheric conditions and the stratospheric lacks the air turbulence that is so prevalent in the troposphere. Stratosphere is completely free of clouds and any other forms of weather. This layer is very good for the flights to fly as it is above stormy weather and has strong, steady and horizontal winds. Stratosphere is separated from the mesosphere by the stratopause. Mesosphere This layer is the third highest layer of the atmosphere. This layer takes 50 to 80km above the surface of the Earth. It is separated from the stratosphere by stratopause and from the thermosphere by mesopause. Temperature drops when the altitude increases to about -100. Mesosphere is the coldest of all the layers as it is colder than Antarctica. This layer can freeze water vapour into ice clouds so that when the sunlight hits them you can see it after sunset. It is also the layer where the meteors burns up while entering the Earths atmosphere. Thermosphere Thermosphere is the outer layer of the atmosphere. Mesopause separates mesosphere from thermosphere. In this layer the temperature rise continually to well beyond 1000 The few molecules that are in this layer receives an extraordinary amount of energy from the sun therefore warms up the layer making it hotter. Air temperature however is the measure of the kinetic energy of air molecules, not of the total energy stored by the air so the air is so thin within the thermosphere, such temperature values is not comparable to other layers. Although the temperature is very high we would feel very cold because the total energy of only a few air molecules residing there wouldnt be enough to transfer any heat to our skin. Ionosphere After thermosphere its Ionosphere. This area is full of ionized air extending from 80km above the Earths surface altitudes of 600km and more. Technically Inosphere is not layer.In this region/area the suns energy breaks molecules and atoms of air as the energy is so strong and hot leaving ions and free floating electrons. Ionisation of the air molecules is produced by UV radiation, other radiation from sun and cosmic rays. Ionosphere is the region where aurora appears. B, Source figure 2= http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=turbulent+and+laminar+flowum=1hl=ennoj=1tbm=ischtbnid=-FJHlXUJvGV3qM:imgrefurl=http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/L/laminar_flow.htmldocid=aHyeoqPiHZRJqMimgurl=http://www.daviddarling.info/images/laminar_flow.jpgw=280h=171ei=LIqJUL2YKcLX0QXjxoBIzoom=1iact=rcdur=364sig=113637047184909608346page=1tbnh=136tbnw=224start=0ndsp=16ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0,i:87tx=89ty=37biw=1366bih=667http://www.daviddarling.info/images/laminar_flow.jpg Laminar flow Turbulent flow Laminar flow is good for aircrafts as there is less drag and much easier to create lift. It is a very smooth and uninterrupted flow of air over the contour of the wings and other parts of an aircraft. Laminar is found at the front of the streamlined body. An air foil is designed for minimum drag and uninterrupted flow of the boundary layer is called a laminar air foil. The pattern of the flow involves of layers. Particles in each layer do not interfere with other particles in the other layer which makes it smooth flowing layers. There is no difference in velocity between the layers. Boundary layers are thinner at the leading edge of the aircraft wing and thicker towards the trailing edge, such boundary has laminar flow in the leading portion and turbulent flow at the trailing portion. There is more drag than laminar. In this flow the direction and velocity changes continuously. Particles move opposite to other particles causing collision which makes turbulence. The trust need to be more counteract the flow of turbulence. Reynolds number is dimensionless quantity associated with the smoothness of flow of air/fluid. At low velocity the flow of a fluid/gas is laminar; the fluid/gas in the layers of laminar flow gives rise to viscosity. As the gas flows more rapidly, it reaches a velocity known as critical velocity. This is when the motion changes from laminar to turbulent. Viscosity is the resistance of a fluid to flow. The coefficient of viscosity of gases increases with increasing temperature. Task2 A, Bernoullis principle As the velocity of the gas increases the pressure exerted by that fluid decreases. The aeroplane gets part of the lift from Bernoullis principles. This principle says that increased air velocity produces. When the Bernoullis principle is applied the fluid has these qualities Fluid flows more smoothly Fluid flows without any swirls(eddies) Fluid flows everywhere through the pipe Fluid has same density everywhere As the fluid passes through a narrow or wide pipe, the velocity and pressure of the fluid vary. As the fluid flows through a narrow pipe the flow quickly. This principle says that fluid flows more quickly through the narrow section, the pressure actually decreases than increasing. Air passes faster over the top of the cambered wing and results in lower pressure. The top of the wing is curved, the air that passes over the top of the wing moves faster because it travels a greater distance in the same amount of time as compared to the air that passes underneath the wing. Lift is created because the air under the wing is slower and exerts higher air pressure so the difference in the pressure creates the lift. Venturi principle An inverse association of gas pressure, velocity of flow, and restriction of passage. This principle states that the pressure drop distal to a restriction can nearly be restored to the pre restriction pressure if there is a dilation of the passage immediately distal to the stenos is, with an angle of divergence not exceeding 15 degrees. In venture tube the area decreases the velocity increases and the pressure decreases, and vice versa as well. So the difference in pressure creates lift. B, Total drag Total drag is the sum of all of the aerodynamic forces which act parallel to, and opposite to, the direction of flight also it is the total resistance to the motion of the aircraft through the air.it is the sum of other drags acting on the aeroplane which are parasite drag and induced drag. Induced drag is the drag created by the vortices at the tip of an aircrafts wing. Induced drag is the drag due to lift. The high pressure underneath the wing causes the airflow at the tips of the wings to curl around from bottom to top in circular ms in a trailing vortex. Induced drag increases in direct proportion to increases in the angle of attack. the circular motion creates a change in the angle of attack near the wing tip which causes an increase in drag. The greater the angle of attack up to the critical angle, the greater the amount of lift developed and the greater the induced drag. parasite drag the parasite drag of a airplane in the cruise configuration primarily of the skin friction, roughness and pressure drag of the major components. There is usually some additional parasite drag due to such things as fuselage upsweep, control surface gaps, base areas and other extraneous items. Since most of the elements that make up the total parasite drag are dependent on Reynolds number and since some are dependent on mach number, it is necessary to specify the conditions under which the parasite drag is to be evaluated. In the method of these notes, the conditions selected are the mach number and the Reynolds number corresponding to the flight condition of interest. This drag comprises skin, form drag and interference drag. Skin friction drag is a friction force between an object and the air through which it is moving produce skin friction drag. Form drag is when the airflow actually separates from the surface, eddies are formed and the streamline flow is disturbed. The turbulent wa ke so formed increase drag this is form drag. Interference drag is caused by flow interference at the wing and other such junctions. This interference leads to the modification of boundary layers and creates a greater pressure difference between the for and after area on the surface concerns. This in turn leads to greater total drag. Fairing or additional fillets are used to streamline these intersections and decrease interference drag. C, Source figure 3= http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=profile+drag+and+induced+dragum=1hl=ensa=Xnoj=1tbm=ischtbnid=eSw05QCIXK4Q7M:imgrefurl=http://www.dynamicflight.com/aerodynamics/drag/docid=sfAMOtTI2SixKMimgurl=http://www.dynamicflight.com/aerodynamics/drag/avd.gifw=356h=310ei=a4qJUO3ADYSp0QXWsYGgAQzoom=1iact=rcdur=770sig=113637047184909608346page=1tbnh=159tbnw=178start=0ndsp=25ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:78tx=168ty=69biw=1366bih=667http://www.copters.com/aero/pictures/Fig_2-23.gif Profile drag Induced drag Is the drag incurred from frictional resistance of the blades passing through the air. It doesnt change significantly with an angle of attack of the airfoil section, but increase moderately as airspeed increases. Is the drag incurred as a result of production of lift. Higher angles of attack which produced more lift also produce increased induced drag. In rotary wing aircraft induced drag decreased aircraft airspeed. The induced drag is the portion of the total aerodynamic force which is oriented in the direction opposing the movement of the airfoil. D, Force diagram for an aircraft steady turning E, Vector force diagram

Models of practices that underpin equality Essay

1.1- Explain models of practices that underpin equality, diversity and inclusion in own area of responsibility? My role as a senior care assistant requires me to support individuals from a diverse range of backgrounds and cultures. At all times, I am expected to uphold and promote equitable practice and offer equality of opportunity while taking into account peoples political, economical, social and civil rights while promoting diversity and inclusion. I must consider my own areas of responsibility within my workplace and how my practice underpins the values and principles of equality, diversity and inclusion. In addition to this, my role is to support and influence the practice of my staff, to ensure that staff and residents are treated equally and fairly without discrimination. This is done by using a person centred approach, which is a model of practice that ensures individuals are central to the planning of their support, and are empowered to identify personal choices about how they want to live their lives. This also relates to the service users, as it enables them to be actively involved in all aspects of their care. Equality is ensuring that everyone is treated equally and fairly regardless of their ability, religion, beliefs, gender, race, age, social status or sexual orientation. Diversity recognises that although people have things in common with each other, they are also different and unique in many ways. Diversity is about recognising and valuing those differences, and consists of visible and non-visible factors. These include, personal characteristics such as background, culture, personality and work style in addition to the characteristics that are protected under discrimination legislation in terms of race, gender, disability, religion and belief, sexual orientation and age. By recognising and understanding individual differences and embracing them, a productive environment whereby everyone feels valued can be created, known as inclusion. The policies and procedures within my workplace are underpinned by a variety of legislation and current codes of practice. These provide me with a framework for ensuring that I uphold the principles and ethics of equality, diversity and inclusion.(see appendix) The Equality Act 2010 is the law that bans discrimination and helps achieve equal opportunities in the workplace and in the wider society. The Act brought together and replaced previous equality legislation, such as the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (DDA), the Race Relations Act 1976 and the Sex Discrimination Act 1975. It simplified and updated the law and strengthened it in important ways. The Act protects people from discrimination on the grounds covered by the previous equality laws. These are now called â€Å"protected characteristics†, and are; age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage nd civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion and belief, sex and sexual orientation. The Act also promotes equality of opportunity to prevent discrimination arising in the first place. The Equality Act also protects people from various forms of discrimination relating to disability, and also discrimination and harassment: Direct discrimination is when you are treated less favourably than another person because of your disability. This also extends to people who are  discriminated against because of their association with someone who has a disability or because they are thought to be disabled. Discrimination arising from disability is when you’re treated less favourably because of something connected with your disability (rather than the disability itself). But it’s not discrimination if the employer or service provider can justify how they treat you, or if they didn’t know that you are disabled. Indirect discrimination happens when a rule, policy or practice is applied to everyone, but it has a particular disadvantage for disabled people. But it’s not discrimination if it can be justified. Failure to make reasonable adjustments is when you need a reasonable adjustment so you are not at a ‘substantial disadvantage’, but the adjustment has not been made. The duty to make reasonable adjustments covers the way things are done, a physical feature (such as steps to a building), or the absence of an auxiliary aid or service (such as an induction loop or an interpreter). Harassment is unwanted behaviour that has the purpose or effect of violating your dignity or creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment. Victimisation – when you’re treated badly because you’ve made or supported a complaint under the Equality Act. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) creates a framework to provide protection for people who cannot make decisions for themselves. It contains provision for assessing whether people have the mental capacity to make decisions, procedures for making decisions on behalf of people who lack mental capacity and safeguards. The underlying philosophy of the MCA Is that any decision made must be in their best interests. The MCA is governed by 5 core principles. These can be summarised as follows: Presumption of capacity (section 1(2) MCA).Every adult has the right to make their own decisions if they have the capacity to do so. Family carers and healthcare or social care staff must assume that a person has the capacity to make decisions, unless it can be established that the person does not have capacity Maximising decision making capacity (section 1(3) MCA). People should receive support to help them make their own decisions. Before concluding that someone lacks capacity to make a particular decision, it is important to take all possible steps to try to help them reach a decision themselves. Right to make unwise decisions (section 1(4) MCA). People have  the right to make decisions that others might think are unwise. A person who makes a decision that others think is unwise should not automatically be labelled as lacking the capacity to make a decision. Best interests (section 1(5) MCA). Any act done for, or any decision made on behalf of, someone who lacks capacity must be in their best interests. Least restrictive option (section 1(6) MCA). Any act done for, or any decision made on behalf of, someone who lacks capacity should be the least restrictive option possible. The Human Rights Act is a UK law passed in 1998. It means that any person can defend their rights in the UK courts and that public organisations (including the government, police and local councils) must treat everyone equally, with fairness, dignity and respect. The human rights that are contained within this law are based on the articles of the European Convention, and does two things; judges must read and give effect to legislation in a way which is compatible with the Convention Rights, and it is unlawful for a public authority to act in a way which is incompatible with a Convention right. The rights that are protected by the HRA are; The right to life The prohibition of torture and inhuman treatment Protection against slavery and forced labour The right to liberty and freedom The right to a fair trial and no punishment without law Respect for privacy and family life and the right to marry Freedom of thought, religion and belief Freedom of expression Free speech and peaceful protest No discrimination Protection of property, the right to an education and the right to free elections GSCC Codes of practice- Although the GSCC closed in July 2012, the codes of conduct are still used in care homes. The document contains agreed codes of practice for social care workers and employers of social care workers  describing the standards of conduct and practice within which they should work. 1.2 – Analyse the potential effects of barriers to equality and inclusion in own area of responsibility? Equality in the workplace is about more than simply giving equal treatment to all employees and complying with the Equality Act. Within the home, we work to remove the barriers which affect recruitment and progression. These barriers can include age, gender, race, sexual orientation, religion or belief, social background, physical or mental disabilities, marital or parental status, gender identity, communication and language. All policies and practices within the organisation create equal opportunities for personal and professional growth- from establishing fair pay structures offering equal access to benefits to ensuring that promotion and progression is fair. At the very minimum, employers are required to eliminate discrimination from the whole employment cycle, starting from the application stage and throughout an employee’s career. Barriers that prevent equality and inclusion are as follows; Physical- Buildings and access, personal physical health, sensory loss Attitudinal- Personal feelings, thoughts and behaviours Structural- Economic, environmental, social systems Institutional- Policies and procedures where some people are disadvantaged over others e.g. maternity leave Examples of inequality in the workplace include; Direct discrimination- when an employer treats an employee less favourably than someone else because of a protected characteristic Indirect discrimination- when a working condition or rule disadvantages one group of people more than another. E.g. saying that applicants for a job must be clean shaven puts members of some religious groups at a disadvantage. Indirect discrimination is unlawful whether it is done on purpose or not. Equality laws may be jeopardised if training and promotion is targeted at younger members of the team, assuming that older workers are not as interested in career progression as their younger colleagues. Failure to  provide adequate facilities for disabled people in the workplace, or failure to tackle bullying and harassment against an employee from a different ethnic origin may contribute towards a tribunal claim. Discriminatory tactics in screening of potential staff members, e.g. deliberately choosing male staff over female staff regardless of their ability to do a job. Effects of this type of discrimination include; diminished life chances, social exclusion, marginalisation, poor interpersonal interactions and communication, disempowerment, and low self-esteem and self-identity. Oppression is another barrier that can affect equality, diversity and inclusion. It is the consequence of five different factors including; stereotyping, prejudice, discrimination (as stated above), oppression and internalised oppression. It is defined as the â€Å"unjust or cruel exercise of power† (Webster, 2013). Standing up and taking action when this type of behaviour occurs is a way to eliminate oppression. Also, being aware about what oppression is as well as methods of prevention can be used as an effort to reduce, if not eliminate, and enables staff to work in an anti- oppressive manner. Oppression happens in many atmospheres, especially in a working environment. Prevention is the main key to avoiding this type of hostility. This can be done with enforcement of policies, including written disciplinary actions that will be utilised if this occurs, as well as a chain of authority. Having a written policy clearly sets out the expectations of employees by the employers, not only of what is acceptable and unacceptable, but what consequences are to be enforced on to non- compliant employees. This should be read and signed by all employees as a preventative measure to avoid further problems. The chain of authority is listed so employees are aware of who they will have to answer to in this situation, and who will be enforcing the consequences of their actions. The mechanics of oppression are described as participating, turning a blind eye and denial. Staff who witness this type of behaviour, being well aware but not taking action or altogether denying that the behaviour is occurring are examples showing how oppression continues to exist. Failure to uphold equality, diversity and inclusion through practice will  breach European and UK law and codes of practice and incur penalties such as loss of registration and significant damage to reputation. Consequences for the individual range from low self-esteem, poor mental and physical health and risk of harm and abuse. Therefore, it is paramount that regular training, supervisions and discussions take place to ensure that staff do not display this type of behaviour, or are victimised by others. As a senior, it is important that I notice these barriers and act quickly to prevent any issues from developing. 1.3 – Analyse the impact of legislation and policy initiatives on the promotion of equality, diversity and inclusion? It is important that I am familiar with the Acts of Parliament, regulations, guidance and codes of practice in order to promote best practice within the home and to inform staff, ensuring they are up to date on any changes. As a qualified social worker, I already have some background knowledge on different acts and legislation within the health and social care sector, and have put these into practice in two six month placements throughout my academic career, and also my current job in the care sector. Equality, diversity and inclusion are addressed within the essential standards set out by CQC which are underpinned by the Health and Social Care Act 2008. Regulation 17(2) (h) of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2010 says that : â€Å"the registered person must†¦take care to ensure that care and treatment is provided to service users with due regard to their age, sex, religious persuasion, sexual orientation, racial origin, cultural and linguistic background and any disability they may have†. This regulation relates to Outcome 1 – respecting and involving people who use services. However, the wording of this regulation suggests that these equality characteristics should be considered in all aspects of care, treatment and support. This is also the approach taken by CQC in the essential standards. In addition, Regulation 9(1)(b)(iv) of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2010 says that: â€Å"The registered person must take proper steps to ensure that each service user is protected against the risks of receiving care or treatment that is inappropriate or unsafe, by means of†¦ the planning and  delivery of care and, where appropriate, treatment in such a way as to— avoid unlawful discrimination including, where applicable, by providing for the making of reasonable adjustments in service provision to meet the service user’s individual needs.† This regulation relates to Outcome 4.Regulation 17(1) a of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (regulated activities) regulations 2009 says that: â€Å"The registered person must, so far as is reasonably practicable, make suitable arrangements to ensure†¦the dignity, privacy and independence of service user s.† Regulation 17(2) (a) says that: â€Å"the registered person must treat service users with consideration and respect† This regulation relates to Outcome 1. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 has now been repealed and replaced by the Equality Act 2010. Formerly, it made it unlawful to discriminate against people in respect of their disabilities in relation to employment, the provision of goods and services, education and transport. The DDA 1995 departed from principles of older UK discrimination law (the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and the Race Relations Act 1976). These acts, also repealed and replaced by the Equality Act 2010, made direct and indirect discrimination unlawful. The core concepts of the DDA 1995 are instead: less favourable treatment for a reason related to a disabled person’s disability; and failure to make a â€Å"reasonable adjustment†. â€Å"Reasonable adjustment† or, as it is known in some other jurisdictions, ‘reasonable accommodation’, is the radical concept that makes the DDA 1995 so different from the older legislation. Instead of the rather passive approach of indirect discrimination (where someone can take action if they have been disadvantaged by a policy, practice or criterion that a body with duties under the law has adopted), reasonable adjustment is an active approach that requires employers, service providers etc to take steps to remove barriers from disabled people’s participation. The National Minimum Standards sets out the standards for care homes for older people, which form the basis on which the new National Care Standards Commission will determine whether such care homes meet the needs, and secure the welfare and social inclusion of the people who live there. The standards  set out in this document are core standards which apply to all care homes providing accommodation for older people. They acknowledge the unique and complex needs of individuals, and the additional specific knowledge, skills and facilities needed in order for a care home to deliver an individually tailored and comprehensive service. As stated in outcome 1.1 I have discussed the Equality Act 2010, the Human Rights Act 1998 and the Mental Capacity Act 2005. It is also essential that all staff are familiar with the homes own policies on diversity, equality and inclusion (see appendix) If these policies are not adhered to, it could result in guidelines, legislations and requirements also not being adhered to, which could result in the residents and staff being subjected to abuse. 2.4- How do you support others to challenge discrimination and exclusion? As a senior, I have an important role to play in championing diversity, equality and inclusion in my workplace. I am expected to articulate my own beliefs and values regarding diversity, recognise equality, respect and tolerance, and encourage non- judgemental attitudes and anti- discriminatory practice in order to inspire and lead my team. It is also important to encourage a positive culture within the workplace that promotes the principles of good practice. Examples of opportunities include; Developing and delivering training and CPD reviews so that the team is kept up to date with new developments Providing a safe environment where people feel empowered and supported to challenge discrimination and poor practice Ensure all staff are aware of the â€Å"whistleblowing† policy and other policies in place to challenge discrimination. (see appendix) I am also the workforce representative, so this means that staff can openly discuss any issues or concerns they have which could include issues of discrimination and exclusion. I have received some complaints that staff feel they are being victimised, as there has recently been a divide between night/day staff, with each day/ night members complaining that the other are not pulling their weight, or they are not assisting the residents in meeting  their personal care needs to a high standards e.g. wet beds, soiled pads not being changed etc. To rectify this issue, staff members were expected to complete a night/ day shift that was opposite to their usual shift pattern, in hopes to highlight what the different shift patterns and routines entailed and what was expected from staff members. The work â€Å"clique† was also used which has serious connotations as can be linked to bullying, which is a form of victimisation and exclusion. There was a management meeting held to discuss these issues and ways to rectify them. A â€Å"team building† night out was arranged, in hopes to bring all staff together. When discrimination and exclusion occur in policy and practice, I have a duty of care to challenge it, by reviewing and monitoring situations to identify and give examples of best practice. This can be done by undertaking supervisions, encouraging reflective practice to consider individual roles and accountability, maintaining quality assurance systems and record keeping, monitoring and evaluating processes and regular training. Ensuring staff are familiar and adhere to policies and procedures (see appendix) is also a positive way to address issues of discrimination and exclusion, as it ensures staff are fully aware it will not be tolerated within the care home. In relation to the residents there are many laws and policies that are aimed to prevent this. The â€Å"No secrets† white paper is a UK Government initiative from the Department of Health which provides guidance on developing and implementing policies and procedures to protect vulnerable adults from abuse. Abuse can be defined as: Physical, sexual, psychological, financial, neglect and discriminatory. The Protection of Vulnerable Adults (POVA) policy also states the duty of care placed on local authorities and organisations to protect older people from abuse and harm. As the care home specifically caters for residents with Alzheimer’s and dementia, there is a higher chance that these residents can face widespread discrimination for a number of reasons. There is significant misunderstanding and stigma attached to dementia that manifests itself in widespread discriminatory attitudes. Age discrimination is also a factor that they could face, and potentially more at risk of discrimination and infringements on their human rights because they may not have the capacity to challenge or report what has  occurred, meaning they face a poorer quality of life. At the care home, we ensure that this type of discrimination is challenged by offering high quality care based on individualised care and support which builds on a person’s abilities and strengths, treating people with dignity and respect offering choice and safeguarding privacy, and that staff are properly trained in caring for residents with dementia and who are fully supported in their role. If a resident or a member of their family feel they are being discriminated against, the complaints procedure enables them to formally complain, and feel fully supported in doing so. The à ¢â‚¬Å"residents charter of rights† policy is available to all residents, their families and visitors, and details how they should be treated according to the Health and Social Care Act 2008, and also the essential standards set out by CQC. 3.1- Analyse how systems and processes can promote equality and inclusion or reinforce discrimination and exclusion? Every organisation has policies and procedures in place that are informed by legislation and national guidelines, in hope to promote anti- discriminatory practice. At the care home, we have a mission statement that details the way we intend to create a positive working environment whereby the shared principles and values of good quality support are upheld throughout the organisation. The statement reads; Vision Statement: We strive to be at the forefront of delivering exceptional standards of care and establishing ourselves as a leading and innovative care group in the United Kingdom. Mission Statement: We believe in a holistic care approach supported by dedicated and motivated staff team who are specifically trained to deliver a quality service. Our ethos encourages independence of residents in a friendly, welcoming, and safe environment with a â€Å"home from home† atmosphere. Philosophy of Care: QCG philosophy encompasses five basic principles of care which are; Quality of care with a holistic approach ensuring psychological, spiritual and physical well-being of residents A motivated, enthusiastic and specifically trained staff team to deliver this care Ensuring dignity and respect of residents in a non-discriminatory way in accordance with the resident’s charter of rights. (see appendix) Encouraging an independent and supported lifestyle with well-structured activities and social programmes A homely care approach fostering friendships, family involvement, local community interaction and support. The effectiveness of these systems and processes will need to be monitored, and this can be done through; A regular review and audit of policies and practice will identify areas to be addressed Individual and family questionnaires can identify areas that require improvement, but also highlight areas of good practice and provide the benchmarks for reviewing and monitoring practice within the workplace. In depth and thorough induction training to ensure new employees are aware of their job roles and responsibilities Complaints procedures can contribute to providing evidence in particular cases. Developing and maintaining effective complaints procedures will enable areas to be identified relating to diversity and equality which require improvement. 4.1- Describe ethical dilemmas that may arise in own area of responsibility when balancing individuals rights and duty of care? Confidentiality My duty of care towards the resident, and my responsibility to safeguard individual privacy could cause legal and ethical tensions. Ethical dilemmas arise frequently throughout the social care sector, particularly within my role as a senior carer, and it is my duty and the duty of the home to ensure that individuals are protected from harm. A number of factors need to be considered including the residents need to be informed as to how information about them is used and consent should be sought to share information with outside agencies. However, information can be disclosed where there is an overriding public interest e.g. where abuse is suspected. In this circumstance, confidentiality can be broken if a resident is at serious risk of; harm to themselves, harm to others, exploitation or physical/ sexual/ verbal abuse, significant financial gain or loss. I would also need to assess whether or not the resident has capacity and adhere to the MCA 2005 framework. The five principles of assessment are; Presume capacity unless established otherwise Take practical steps to enable decision making Accept that people can make unwise decisions Act in the persons best interests Use the action least restrictive of the persons rights and freedom of choice The use of sharing of service user information forms an essential part of the provision of health and social care, however the nature of this information needs to be in line with the legal duty to keep all personal information confidential. The relationship between staff and resident needs to be one of fidelity and trust, and residents have a legitimate expectation that private information will not be shared, used or disclosed without their consent. Therefore, all staff have strong legal and ethical obligations to protect resident information and the law and standards that govern practice and the handling of personal and confidential information are; The Data Protection Act The Human Rights Act 1998 (article 8) The Freedom of Information Act (2000) The Essential standards of quality and safety The Equality Act 2010 The Public Interest Disclosure Act (1999) Own Beliefs and values Each person has a unique set of values and beliefs, and strive to live their lives by these. The same is true for the resident who are supported within the care home, and occasionally personal values and beliefs may be different from the residents and their families. If the resident has a Lasting Power of Attorney in place that has a say over their health and welfare, or if they had a living will in place prior to a decline in their mental illness than this can also cause an ethical dilemma. A resident in the care home had a living will in place where, in the event that they had a decline in their mental state and became very unwell, then they would not want to be treated for this illness. The resident does now unfortunately have severe dementia; he became unwell with a chest infection, and his daughter, who has Lasting Power of Attorney, did not want him treated. Personally, I did not agree with this decision, as felt that it was not a severe illness as stated in his living will, and could be overcome with some antibiotics. His daughter did not want the GP contacted, however, I felt it was in the best interests  of the resident to speak with the GP regarding this issue, as felt he could become seriously unwell without antibiotics, so I was therefore trying to protect him from harm. This was a serous ethical dilemma for me and a big learning curve. After a long discussion with the GP, it was decided that the GP would contact the daughter to explain the possible severity of the situation, and she eventually agreed to treatment. Other factors that can cause ethical dilemmas include; the management of resources- balancing good support with available resources can be a challenge, organisational policies- While there may be solid reasoning’s behind the policies, some may impact negatively on a staff member if for example they are unable to work unsupervised due to disability, safeguarding- disclosing information of a safeguarding matter to the correct person if a resident and/or staff member has asked you not to disclose and balancing the needs of the family and the needs of the individual- sometimes challenging the families wishes to meet the needs of the individual may be necessary. 4.2- Explain the principle of informed choice? Choice and control is about freedom to act, for example to be independent and mobile, as well as freedom to decide. Having choice and control over one’s life and involvement supports autonomy and self-esteem. The issues of choice, control, involvement and self-determination are at the forefront of current government policy. Department of Health research found that health and social care recipient’s value having information to make choices and decisions for themselves, and that feeling confident and maintaining control is important. Putting People First (2007) outlined a shared vision for social care and radical reform. Autonomy – through maximum choice, control and power for people over the services they receive – is central to the values outlined in the paper. Information, advice, advocacy and support with decision-making, are all key to ensuring that people can exercise autonomy. Every resident in the care home has a consent to care and treatment form in place that they must agree to before care can be carried out. This means they agree to information sharing, intervention from GP’s and nurses etc. If the resident is unable to give signed consent but it appears they can give  verbal consent than their next of kin can sign for them. However, if the resident is unable to give signed or verbal consent, than this would affect their informed choice as a Mental Capacity Assessment and Best Interests Assessment is carried out. For most residents in the care home, making complex decisions and choices requires additional support as the majority have a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s or dementia. There are different processes for decision making when considering choices. An informed choice is when an individual is supported to make a decision, and as a senior, I have a responsibility to provide residents and their families with all the necessary information to make those decisions. It is important to be mindful of the range of accessible information the individual requires in order for them to make the decision, and this decision must be unbiased and evidence based. It is important to also consider how the resident communicates and who else may need to be involved such as family members, GP’S social workers etc. Many of the residents have a Power of Attorney in place which covers finances, and approximately four residents have a Lasting Power of Attorney which covers health and welfare. In this case, decisions can be a lot harder to make as a family member may have the final say regardless of the residents values, which should always be upheld. This is because the resident may not be able to express their wishes due to a decline in their mental illness. The residents are however, protected by the Mental Capacity Act and the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards.